Unit C - Viruses

Question 1

Variolation

Answer 1

Old medical treatment, where patient was infected with disease to see if they’d survive and build resistance

Question 2

Vaccination

Answer 2

Process of injecting a vaccine (treatment containing weakened or non disease causing strain if pathogens) in order to build up the immune system against those pathogens

Question 3

Pathogens

Answer 3

Disease causing microorganisms

Question 4

Virus

Answer 4

Non-cellular infectious particles

Question 5

Capsid

Answer 5

Protein coat - made up of individual units called capsomeres which form a protective barrier around genetic material

Question 6

Viral Specificity

Answer 6

Ability to only infect specific types of cells

Question 7

Nucleic Acid

Answer 7

Genetic material

Question 8

Encapsulated

Answer 8

Within a capsule (protective layer that hides virus from immune system)

Question 9

Penetration

Answer 9

The process of a virus injecting its nucleic acid into the host cell

Question 10

Replication

Answer 10

To copy (oneself)

Question 11

Lytic cycle

Answer 11

Basic reproductive cycle of viruses (attachement, penetration/ entry, replication, assembly, release)

Question 12

Plasmid

Answer 12

Specialized ring of DNA in bacteria

Question 13

Prophage

Answer 13

Viral genetic material that’s been inserted into plasmid during lysogenic cycle

Question 14

Retrovirus

Answer 14

Virus that has RNA isntead of DNA as its genetic material

Question 15

Vectors

Answer 15

Organism that transmits a pathogen or pollen (i.e. insects)

Question 16

Primary line of defense

Answer 16

Natural protection provided by skin and other specilizations (i.e. mucus) that line the openings into the body

Question 17

Secondary line of defense

Answer 17

Non-specific resistance that destroys invaders in a generalized way, white blood cells (macrophages) identify pathogens and destroy or ingest them

Question 18

Tertiary/ Third line of defense

Answer 18

Acquired immuntiy, involves recognition of antigens as foreign and the release of antibodies to combat the pathogen

Question 19

Antigens

Answer 19

Type if molecule on cells that serves as a “genetic idenetifier” (BAD)

Question 20

Antibodies

Answer 20

Y-shaped proteins released by lymphatic white blood cells when antigens enter the blood stream (GOOD)

Question 21

Oncolytic viruses

Answer 21

Virus that targets cancer cells

Question 22

Active immuntiy

Answer 22

Where white blood cells create their own antibodies, only possible FOLLOWING infection or vaccination

Question 23

Passive immunity

Answer 23

Immunity from infection/ disease that’s obtained via INJECTION of antibodies into system

Question 24

Herd immunity

Answer 24

Immunity gained without vaccination becuase majority of population has been vaccinated

Question 25

Virulent

Answer 25

Capable of causing disease

Question 26

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 26

More complex reproductive cycle for viruses, follows lytic cycle after prophage breaks free from DNA in host cell and enters Replication stage of lytic cycle