Unit C - Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Variolation

A

Old medical treatment, where patient was infected with disease to see if they’d survive and build resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vaccination

A

Process of injecting a vaccine (treatment containing weakened or non disease causing strain if pathogens) in order to build up the immune system against those pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pathogens

A

Disease causing microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Virus

A

Non-cellular infectious particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Capsid

A

Protein coat - made up of individual units called capsomeres which form a protective barrier around genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Viral Specificity

A

Ability to only infect specific types of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

Genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Encapsulated

A

Within a capsule (protective layer that hides virus from immune system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Penetration

A

The process of a virus injecting its nucleic acid into the host cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Replication

A

To copy (oneself)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lytic cycle

A

Basic reproductive cycle of viruses (attachement, penetration/ entry, replication, assembly, release)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Plasmid

A

Specialized ring of DNA in bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prophage

A

Viral genetic material that’s been inserted into plasmid during lysogenic cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Retrovirus

A

Virus that has RNA isntead of DNA as its genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vectors

A

Organism that transmits a pathogen or pollen (i.e. insects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Primary line of defense

A

Natural protection provided by skin and other specilizations (i.e. mucus) that line the openings into the body

17
Q

Secondary line of defense

A

Non-specific resistance that destroys invaders in a generalized way, white blood cells (macrophages) identify pathogens and destroy or ingest them

18
Q

Tertiary/ Third line of defense

A

Acquired immuntiy, involves recognition of antigens as foreign and the release of antibodies to combat the pathogen

19
Q

Antigens

A

Type if molecule on cells that serves as a “genetic idenetifier” (BAD)

20
Q

Antibodies

A

Y-shaped proteins released by lymphatic white blood cells when antigens enter the blood stream (GOOD)

21
Q

Oncolytic viruses

A

Virus that targets cancer cells

22
Q

Active immuntiy

A

Where white blood cells create their own antibodies, only possible FOLLOWING infection or vaccination

23
Q

Passive immunity

A

Immunity from infection/ disease that’s obtained via INJECTION of antibodies into system

24
Q

Herd immunity

A

Immunity gained without vaccination becuase majority of population has been vaccinated

25
Virulent
Capable of causing disease
26
Lysogenic cycle
More complex reproductive cycle for viruses, follows lytic cycle after prophage breaks free from DNA in host cell and enters Replication stage of lytic cycle