B.5 - Other Cell Specializations

Question 1

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 1

Studded with ribsomes which aid in protein synthesis

Question 2

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 2

Where lipids are made and the cell is detoxified

Question 3

Transition/ transport vesicles

Answer 3

Membrane bound cellular structure that the ER creates to transport lipids or proteins to the Golgi bodies for processing

Question 4

Golgi bodies

Answer 4

Flattened stack of tube shaped membranes that modify proteins and package them for distribution

Question 5

Secretory Vesicles

Answer 5

Membrane-bound structure in cells that contains lipids/ proteins that will eventually become secreated. They are produced by golgi bodies

Question 6

Exocytosis

Answer 6

Process of releasing substances from a cell through the use of secretory vesicles

Question 7

Lysosomes (hydrolytic enzymes)

Answer 7

Lysosomes - contain digestive enzymes, also break down excess or worn out cell parts
Hydrolytic enzymes - conduct digestive processes

Question 8

Binary fission (mitosis)

Answer 8

Soecialized type of mitosis (cell divison for growth of organisms, two daughter cells are produced, identical to the parent cell) for unicellular organisms

Question 9

Daughter cells

Answer 9

Cells produced by cell division

Question 10

Asexual reproduction

Answer 10

Reproduction involving only one parent (prodcues genetically identical offspring)

Question 11

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 11

Reprodcution involving combining of genetic material from two individuals (produces genetically unique offspring)

Question 12

Conjugation

Answer 12

Sexual reproduction involving the transfer of genetic material between cells - unicellular organisms

Question 13

Gamete (meiosis)

Answer 13

Sex cells (sperm and eggs)

Question 14

Chromatid

Answer 14

Single strand of DNA that constitutes a chromosomes

Question 15

Independent Assortment

Answer 15

Random seperation of chromatids into daughter cells

Question 16

Zygote

Answer 16

Diploid cell resulting from the fertilization of an ovum (egg) by a sperm

Question 17

Homologous

Answer 17

Structures of different organisms that correspond to each other. To be homologus structures must have the same type of tissue.

Question 18

Gene mutation

Answer 18

Change in the base sequence of DNA, occuring during replication

Question 19

Variations

Answer 19

Difference in organisms