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Grade 9: Science > Unit C: Section 1.0 > Flashcards

Unit C: Section 1.0 Flashcards

1
Q

Can natural things be harmful to living things?

A

Yes many things like carbon dioxide are harmful but natural

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2
Q

What are elements?

A

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into anything further

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3
Q

What is the nitrogen cycle?

A

The way nitrogen moves through the environment and changes

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4
Q

When can plants use nitrogen?

A

Only when it is paired with other elements such as hydrogen and oxygen

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5
Q

In what compound is nitrogen naturally found in?

A

Nā‚‚

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6
Q

What is nitrogen fixation?

A

The process of changing free nitrogen so that nitrogen atoms can combine with other elements to form compounds that organisms can use

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7
Q

What does most of the nitrogen fixation?

A

Certain types of bacteria in soil located in root nodules

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8
Q

In what kind of plants are root nodules found in?

A

Beans, clover, and alfalfa

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9
Q

What do root nodules do?

A

They separate the nitrogen gas so it is able to pair with other elements such as hydrogen and oxygen for plants

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10
Q

What are the steps in the nitrogen cycle?

A
  1. Nitrogen fixation occurs
  2. Animals then eat the plants
  3. Their bodies use the nitrogen to make more complex substances
  4. Decomposers break down large nitrogen containg molecules in dead organisms and aniimal waste into simpler nitrogen compounds in the soil.
  5. Eventually some are broken down further by ground bacteria
  6. Then nitrogen is released back into the air as free nitrogen
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11
Q

What does the concentration of usable nitrogen in the natural environment depend on?

A

The root nodules, and carrying undissolved nitrogen deep in the soil

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12
Q

If soil lacks nitrogen what do farmers plant?

A

Nitrogen fixing plants

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13
Q

What is pollution?

A

Any change in the environment that produces a condition that is harmful to living things

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14
Q

What are some ways humans change the chemical balances in our environment?

A

Growing crops, solid waste, treating waste water, manufacturing products, and driving vehicles

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15
Q

What is a fertilizer?

A

A substance that enriches soil so plants will grow

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16
Q

What do the 3 numbers on fertilizer mean?

A

Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium

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17
Q

What does the 4th number on a fertilizer mean?

A

it has sulfur added to it

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18
Q

What are pesticides?

A

Chemicals used to control pests

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19
Q

What is a pest?

A

An organism that harms people, plants, or structures

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20
Q

What do herbicides kill?

A

Weeds

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21
Q

What do insecticides kill?

A

Insects

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22
Q

What do fungicides kill?

A

Fungi

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23
Q

What is not good about pesticides?

A

Some are not selective so they end up killing good organsims

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24
Q

What is solid waste?

A

Garbage that is collected from households, industrial plants, commercial buildings and etc.

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25
What are incinerators?
Places that burn solid waste
26
What are sanitary landfills?
Places that are built to prevent fluids from going into the soil
27
What is sewage?
Wastewater containing dissolved and undissolved materials fro your kitchen bathroom, and laundry
28
Where does sewage go?
Through pipes into a septic tank
29
What is a septic tank?
An underground container where bacteria breaks down the organic materials before they are moved out to the soil
30
What is a sewage treatment plant?
Treats waste from homes, businesses, and industries. Might also treat water from street drains
31
What is effluent?
Treated wastewater that is released into rivers or lakes
32
What are storm sewers?
Where rain water goes
33
What are fossil fuels?
Coal, oil, and natural gas. They are formed from dead plants and animals
34
Why are fossil fuels called hydrocarbons?
Because they are mainly made from hydrogen and carbon
35
What elements do fossil fuels contain?
Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur. Sometimes mercury and lead
36
What is produced when hydrocarbons burn?
Carbon dioxide, water, energy
37
What is the equation for burning fossil fuels
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
38
What is the equation for burning methane or proprane?
Methane/Propane + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water vapour + energy
39
What is sour gas?
Natural gas that contains hydrogen sulfide
40
What is an acid?
A compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH lower than 7
41
What is a base?
A compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH higher than 7
42
What does pH stand for?
Power of Hydrogen
43
What is the difference between each number on the pH scale?
It's 10 times weaker or stronger
44
What color does blue litmus paper turn in acid?
Red
45
What color does red litmus paper turn in a base?
Blue
46
What is neutralization?
A reaction between an acid and base that produces water and salt
47
How do they neutralize the effects of acid rain?
They treat water with lime (Calcium Hydroxide)
48
What is lime?
Calcium Hydroxide
49
What are the most important elements your body needs?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
50
What are organic compounds?
Compounds that contain carbon
51
What are inorganic compounds?
Compounds that do not contain carbon
52
What are nutrients?
Elements and compounds that organisms need for living, living, growing and reproducing
53
Where do plants obtain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen?
From air
54
Where do plants obtain Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium and sulfur?
From soil
55
What are macro-nutrients?
Nutrients needed in relatively large amounts
56
What are micro-nutrients?
Nutrients needed in small amounts
57
What does nitrogen do for plants?
Leaf and stem growth | Composition of proteins and clorophyll
58
What does Phosphorus do for plants?
Root and flower growth | Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
59
What does potassium do for plants?
Stimulation of early growth Starch and protein production and sugar movement Disease resistance Chlorophyll production and tuber formation
60
What does magnesium do for plants?
Composition of Chlorophyll structure and photosythesis
61
What does calcium do for plants?
Cell wall structure | Cell division
62
What does sulfur do for plants?
Production of fruits and grains
63
What does nitrogen do for humans?
Composition of proteins and nucleic acid found in cells | Growth and repair of tissues
64
What does phosphorus do in humans?
Composition of bones, teeth, and DNA | Many metabolic reactions
65
What does potassium do in humans?
Muscle contraction and nerve impulses
66
What does magnesium do in the body?
Composition of bones and teeth | Absorbtion of calcium and potassium
67
What does calcium do in the body?
Composition of bones and teeth Blood clotting Muscle and nerve function
68
What does sulfur do in the body?
Protein synthesis Enzyme activation Detoxification
69
What does optimum amount mean?
The amount that provides an organism with the best health
70
What are carbohydrates?
Atoms that form form sugar, starch, cellulose, and glycogen
71
What is glucose?
A simple made by plants during photosythesis
72
What are lipids?
Fats, oils, and waxes.
73
What is fat molecule made of?
Three chains of fatty acid connected to one molecule of glycerol
74
What are proteins and amino acids?
Food such as meat, fish or eggs.
75
What are proteins used for?
Growth and repair
76
What is a protein?
an organic compound made of amino acids
77
What do all cells contain?
DNA and RNA
78
What is nucleic acid?
The largest and most complicated molecules found in living things
79
What are the nucleic acids called?
DNA & RNA
80
What is passive uptake?
When there is no energy needed to take in nutrients
81
What is diffusion?
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
82
What is osmosis?
Water moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration
83
What is active transport?
When plants use energy to move molecules of nutrients in direction opposite of diffusion
84
What is the process of taking food into our bodies called?
Ingestion
85
What is hydrolysis?
Breakdown or digestion of large organic molecules
86
What does it mean to be hydrolyzed?
A substance broken down by hydrolysis
87
What is a substrate?
a material on which an organism moves or lives

Grade 9: Science (20 decks)

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