Unit C: 2.0 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are heritable characteristics?

A

Heritable characteristics are passed on from generation to generation. Some examples of inherited characteristics are eye colour, hair type, and skin colour

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2
Q

What are Non-heritable characteristics?

A

Non-heritable characteristics are acquired. That is, they are not passed on to other generations.

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3
Q

What is discrete variation?

A

A variation that you either have or you don’t

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4
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

Continuous variation refers to differences in characteristics that have a range of forms.

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5
Q

What does reproduction produce?

A

Reproduction produces new individuals of a species.

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6
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and the offspring look exactly like the parent

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of asexual reproduction?

A

Binary Fission
Budding
Spore Production
Vegetative reproduction

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8
Q

Describe Binary Fission

A

Only one-celled organisms can do this. During binary

fission, a cell splits exactly in two, producing two identical individuals

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9
Q

Describe budding

A

During budding, the parent produces a small bud or a smaller version of
itself.

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10
Q

Describe spore production

A

Spores are similar to seeds but are produced by the division of cells of the parent. One individual will produce many spores, and each spore can
develop into a new individual identical to the parent.

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11
Q

What is vegetative reproduction?

A

The reproduction of a plant that does not involve the formation of a seed.

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12
Q

What are some examples of vegetative production?

A

If you take a cutting from a coleus plant and place it in water, the cutting will grow roots and eventually develop into a whole new plant.
Strawberries or spider plants, grow runners that produce new plants along them
Tubers, such as potatoes on a potato plant, and bulbs, from which daffodils and tulips develop
roots of aspen
trees produce a form of shoot called a sucker. If the sucker becomes physically separated from the original tree, it will grow into a new aspen tree

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13
Q

What is the general name for sex cells?

A

Gamates

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14
Q

What are the male and female gametes called?

A

Sperm cells and egg cells called ova

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15
Q

What is the union of the sperm cell and the egg cell called?

A

fertilization

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16
Q

What is the cell called after it has been fertilized?

A

Zygote

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17
Q

What does the zygote do?

A

It is the first cell, it then splits in what is called cleavage

18
Q

What is the zygote called after it splits?

A

An embryo

19
Q

What are the females parts of a plant called?

A

The pistil

20
Q

What is the male part of the plants called?

A

The stamen

21
Q

What are the female parts of a plant?

A

Stigma
Style
Ovary
Ovule

22
Q

What are the male parts of a plant?

A

Filament

Anther

23
Q

How does pollination occur?

A

When pollen from the anther enters the stigma

24
Q

How does cross-pollination occur?

A

When the pollen of one plant is carried to the stigma of another by the wind, water, or animals, such as bees or butterflies

25
Q

How does cross-fertilization occur?

A

when a grain of this pollen produces a long tube that eventually grows down the style into the ovary that contains the ovules.

26
Q

What is produced in cross-fertilization?

A

A seed that stays dormant

27
Q

In plant reproduction in which way will a plant not be identical to its parent?

A

Cross-fertilization

28
Q

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?

A

Can produce lots of individuals very quickly

29
Q

What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

A

If conditions become unfavourable, the entire population may be wiped out.

30
Q

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

A

Provides lots of variation

31
Q

What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

A

It takes a lot of energy

Can only produce a limited number of offspring.

32
Q

How can some plants produce asexually?

A

By taking cuttings and placing them in water to grow roots. Or with bulbs or runners

33
Q

How can some plants reproduce asexually with seeds?

A

Embryos develop in the seeds without a male gamate. then will grow into plants that are genetically identical to their parents

34
Q

what is an insect that cal reproduce both ways?

A

Aphids

35
Q

What are the parts of the pistil?

A

Stigma
Style
Ovary
Ovule

36
Q

What are the parts of the stamen?

A

Filament

Anther

37
Q

Where is the stigma located?

A

At the top of the style to catch pollen

38
Q

What is the style?

A

The long thing that holds up the stigma

39
Q

Where are the ovary and the ovule located?

A

At the bottom of the style

40
Q

Where is the anther located?

A

At the top of the filament

41
Q

Where is the filament located?

A

At the bottom of the anther