Unit C: 2.0 - 3.0

Question 1

Why might lakes become cloudy in the summer?

Answer 1

Excessive algal growth

Question 2

What can clear water sometimes indicate?

Answer 2

High acidity

Question 3

Who sets guidelines for water quality?

Answer 3

Provincial and federal guidelines

Question 4

What are the five classifications that water is used for?

Answer 4

Human drinking water
Recreation such a swimming 
Livestock drinking water
Irrigation 
Protection of aquatic life

Question 5

What are biological indicators?

Answer 5

Organisms in the water that can help determine water quality

Question 6

What are some biological indicators?

Answer 6

Fish, plants, worms, insects, plankton, Protozoa, bacteria, and viruses

Question 7

What are microbiological indicators?

Answer 7

Microscopic organisms such as bacteria

Question 8

How does bacteria affect water quality?

Answer 8

They can cause serious health problems if they are present in large numbers

Question 9

How do scientist use microbiological indicators to measure water quality?

Answer 9

They frequently take samples and if the samples have to much bacteria in them then they require extra treatment

Question 10

How do scientists use aquatic invertebrates to measure water quality?

Answer 10

Different invertebrates need different water quality so they see which kind of invertebrates there are

Question 11

What are invertebrates?

Answer 11

Insects without back bones

Question 12

What are the types of invertebrates that live in water?

Answer 12

Crustaceans, worms, mollusks and insects

Question 13

Finish the sentence: The diversity of organisms decreases as acidity ….

Answer 13

Increases

Question 14

What are the most commonly monitored indicators of water quality?

Answer 14

Dissolved oxygen
Acidity
Heavy Metals
Plant nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus 
Pesticides
Salts

Question 15

What is the concentration of chemicals usually measured in?

Answer 15

Parts per million or ppm. Or milligrams per liter

Question 16

How many zeros does 1 million have?

Answer 16

6

Question 17

What does the level of dissolved oxygen depend on?

Answer 17

Temperature
Turbulence
Amount of photosynthesis
Number of organisms using the water

Question 18

How does photosynthesis affect dissolved oxygen?

Answer 18

Decreased oxygen levels

Question 19

How does the number of organisms using the water affect the oxygen?

Answer 19

Decreased oxygen level

Question 20

How can phosphorus and nitrogen enter water bodies?

Answer 20

Sewage pitfalls and run off

Question 21

What happens if there is increased growth of algae due to phosphorus and nitrogen?

Answer 21

The more algae and plants grow the more that die. The dead plants become food for bacteria and bacteria increases in number and use all the oxygen

Question 22

What is the ph level of normal rain and snow?

Answer 22

5.6 because carbon dioxide dissolves in it

Question 23

What ph level is acid precipitation?

Answer 23

Anything lower than 5.6

Question 24

What is acidic deposition?

Answer 24

When the thin soils and chemical composition of rocks cannot neutralize acids rain

Question 25

What is spring acid shock?

Answer 25

When acid precipitation deposits build up in ice and snow in winter then in spring when it melts it flows into water systems

Question 26

What does spring acid shock affect?

Answer 26

The eggs of aquatic organisms and offspring as well as organisms living in the water

Question 27

Why are some pesticides still in today environment?

Answer 27

Because they were not made to be broken down

Question 28

How are pesticide resistant pest created?

Answer 28

Insects reproduce quickly and their offspring become resistant to pesticides

Question 29

What is toxicity?

Answer 29

Describes how poisonous a substance is

Question 30

What are toxins?

Answer 30

Poisonous substances that produce serious health problems when introduced to an organisms

Question 31

What is LD50?

Answer 31

Lethal dose 50 %. It calculates the lethal dose that will kill 50 percent of lab animals given the same amount of a toxin at the same time

Question 32

What are the symptoms of mercury poisoning?

Answer 32

Numbness, involuntary movement, nerve damage, and brain damage

Question 33

What are heavy metals?

Answer 33

Metals that have a density of 5/cm3 of more

Question 34

How can heavy metals get into the environment?

Answer 34

Acid rain can corrode pipes and bring them into the water system

Question 35

What percent of the air is nitrogen?

Answer 35

78 %

Question 36

What percent of the air is oxygen?

Answer 36

21 %

Question 37

What percent of the air is argon?

Answer 37

Less than 1 %

Question 38

What ways can air quality be determined?

Answer 38

By measuring the amount of pollutants in the air | By estimating the amount of emissions from pollution sources

Question 39

What is sulfur dioxide?

Answer 39

A major pollutant that forms smog and acid rain

Question 40

How does sulfur dioxide affect your body?

Answer 40

It can affect your respiratory system and irritate your eyes

Question 41

What is the major source of sulfur dioxide?

Answer 41

Industrial processes

Question 42

What are scrubbers used for?

Answer 42

They reduce sulfur dioxide emissions by 99%. They use limestone to convert the pollutant to a useful product called gypsum

Question 43

What are nitrogen oxides?

Answer 43

Major pollutants that also produce smog and acid rain

Question 44

Where do nitrogen oxides come from?

Answer 44

Car emissions and combustion from generating plants and oil refineries

Question 45

What is carbon monoxide?

Answer 45

The silent killer because it has a colorless odorless gas

Question 46

Why does carbon monoxide form?

Answer 46

During combustion when there is not enough oxygen for carbon to pair with them they each get one

Question 47

How does carbon monoxide affect organisms?

Answer 47

If inhaled in reduces he amount of oxygen blood carries and can cause headaches, sleepiness, chest pain, brain damage and death

Question 48

What concerts carbon monoxide into a safer form?

Answer 48

Catalytic converters

Question 49

Why is ozone good an bad?

Answer 49

It is is good up in the air because it protects from the harmful gasses but bad lower because it is a harmful pollutant

Question 50

What is ozone?

Answer 50

A colorless, odorless gas composed of 3 oxygen atoms

Question 51

How doe ozone form?

Answer 51

From reactions between volatile organic compounds or VOCs

Question 52

What are VOCs?

Answer 52

Oxygen, nitrogen compounds

Question 53

What is the major source of ozone?

Answer 53

Fuel combustion in vehicles and industry

Question 54

What are greenhouse gasses?

Answer 54

The atmospheric gases that trap heat in the earth

Question 55

What are some greenhouse gasses?

Answer 55

Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen oxides,

Question 56

What is the enhance greenhouse affect?

Answer 56

Greater concentration of gases trapping more heat due to production of greenhouse gases

Question 57

What is global warming?

Answer 57

The temperature increase worldwide

Question 58

What is global warming?

Answer 58

Caused by human activities and the changing temperature of the the earth

Question 59

How high is the ozone layer?

Answer 59

15-50 km above earths surface

Question 60

What is the problem with the ozone layer?

Answer 60

Over the years it is becoming thinner exposing people to UV radiation

Question 61

What is the thinking of the ozone caused by?

Answer 61

The use is of chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons. Chlorine atoms combine with oxygen atoms that destroy ozone

Question 62

Where are chlorofluorocarbons from?

Answer 62

Hair spray, fire extinguishers etc

Question 63

What is ozone holes sped up by?

Answer 63

Ice particles