Unit B: section 2.0 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What age did the first chemists live in?

A

The stone age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the very first known age?

A

the stone age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Around what year was the stone age?

A

8000 BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the stone age

A

-Metals had not yet been discovered -Learned to control fire to make mud bricks, cook, and make tougher tools.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did the ability to control fire lead to?

A

production of glass and ceramic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the second age?

A

The metal age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When did the metal age take place?

A

Between 6000 and 1000 BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the metal age?

A

Scientists investigated metals with a higher value such as gold and copper.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why were scientists attracted to gold and copper?

A

Because of its luster and it didn’t tarnish. It was also easy to shape because of its softness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was a downside to gold?

A

It could not be used for weapons because it was too soft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why was copper valuable?

A

Because it could be used to make pots, coins, tools, and jewelry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What metal when heated becomes very useful but when untreated is very useless?

A

Copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is bronze?

A

A material created when tin and copper are heated together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When did experimenting with copper begin?

A

About 4500 BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the third age?

A

The iron age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What year was the iron age?

A

1200 BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How did the iron age begin?

A

The hittites learned how to extract iron from rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How was steel created?

A

People learned to combine iron and carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What was made with steel?

A

Sharper and stronger blades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the word chemistry come from?

A

The greek word ‘khemia’ meaning juice of a plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who used the word ‘atomos’ to describe the smallest particles?

A

Greek philosipher Democritus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did Democritus believe about atomos?

A

He believed that everything was made of atomos and each atomos had different properties and when you mixed them you could create new materials with different properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What did Aristole believe?

A

That everything was made of earth, fire, water, and air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are alchemists?

A

People who were part scientists, part magicians.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where does the word Alchemist come from?

A

The word al-kimiya meaning the chemist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who made the first ever chemistry book?

A

Andreaus Libau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Who experimented with gasses?

A

Robert boyle

28
Q

Who developed a naming system for chemicals?

A

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

29
Q

Who was the father of modern chemistry

A

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

30
Q

What was the first theory of matter?

A

John Dalton suggested that matter was made of elements and he also composed a model of the elements. His description was called the billard ball model because it was comprised of solid spheres. And all atoms of a certain substance were the same.

31
Q

What is a subatomic particle?

A

A particle smaller than an atom

32
Q

Who discovered a subatomic particle?

A

J.J. Thompson

33
Q

What are electrons?

A

Negatively charged pieces of an atom.

34
Q

Who discovered the raisin bun model (1897)?

A

J.J. Thomson

35
Q

Describe the raising bun model?

A

A negatively charged sphere with negative electrons embedded in it

36
Q

Who created the earth orbiting the sun model?

A

Hantaro Nagaoka

37
Q

Describe the earth orbiting the sun model

A

A positively charged sphere with negative electrons orbiting it in a ring.

38
Q

What did rutherford believe about the atom?

A

He suggested that atoms were mainly empty space through which the positive particles could pass, but at the core was a tiny positively charged centre.

39
Q

Who created the solar system model?

A

Niels Bohr

40
Q

Describe the Niels Bohr solar system model

A

The electrons orbit in circles called electron shells around the nucleus.

41
Q

What did James chadwick discover?

A

That the nucleus contained particle called protons and neutrons

42
Q

What is the purpose as the protons?

A

They add weight to the nucleus but contain no electrical charge

43
Q

What is the quantum mechanics version of an atom?

A

It describes a cloud around the nucleus where negative particles are.

44
Q

What did they do to label metals before John Dalton?

A

Early chemists used symbols of the Sun and planets

45
Q

Who made the current version of describing elements and describe it?

A

Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius. He made it using the first letter of an element capitalized

46
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

Atomic mass is the mass of one atom of an element

47
Q

What is atomic mass measured in?

A

Atomic mass units

48
Q

What did John Newlands discover?

A

The ‘law of octaves’ every 7 elements the properties repeats

49
Q

Who proved the law of octaves?

A

Mendeleev

50
Q

What is each horizontal row in the periodic table called?

A

A period

51
Q

What is each vertical column in the periodic table called?

A

Group or Family

52
Q

What is the number in the top left corner of the periodic table represent?

A

The Atomic Number

53
Q

What does the atomic number represent?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

54
Q

What is the atomic mass?

A

the mass of an atom equivalent to the number of the protons and neutrons

55
Q

What is the number in the middle of the element?

A

The atomic mass

56
Q

What is the mass number in a periodic table element?

A

It represents the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

57
Q

How can you find the neutrons of an element?

A

mass number - atomic number = number of neutrons

58
Q

What is the first group of the periodic table?

A

Alkali metals

59
Q

What is the second group of the periodic table?

A

Alkaline metals

60
Q

What is it called when you go vertically on the periodic table?

A

Groups

61
Q

What is it called when you go horizontally on the periodic table?

A

Periods

62
Q

What is the blue group on the periodic table called?

A

Transition metals

63
Q

What is the green period on the periodic table called?

A

Lanthanides

64
Q

What is the red period on the periodic table called?

A

Actinides

65
Q

What is the green part on the periodic table called?

A

Metalloids

66
Q

What is the orange group of the periodic table called?

A

Noble Gases

67
Q

What is the yellow group on the periodic table called?

A

Halogens