Unit B Ecosystems And Evolution

Question 0

Evolution

Answer 0

A species changing over time to either adapt to the ecosystem or to better survival.

Question 1

Behavioural adaptations

Answer 1

How an organism adapts it’s behaviour to better survive.

Question 2

Embryology

Answer 2

The study of embryos to f

Determine how organisms being life.

Question 3

Habitat

Answer 3

An area with a particular set of characteristics both biotic and abiotic.

Question 4

Indicator species

Answer 4

A species that is easily affected by ecosystem changes. Example frogs

Question 5

Natural selection

Answer 5

An ecosystem naturally getting rid of species or individual organisms that have bad characteristics to survive.

Question 6

Niche

Answer 6

A role that members play in a community

Question 7

What are the main biomes in Canada?

Answer 7

Tundra- cold and snowy.
Taiga- mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees.
Deciduous forest- leaves that fall with the season.
Grass land- fields of different species of grass

Question 8

Facts about taiga

Answer 8

Northern and central Alberta
Changeable weather
Precipitation- 50- 250
Soil contains some water and is acidic

Question 9

Grassland facts

Answer 9

Central Alberta
Sunlight and warmer temperatures
Precipitation-25-100
Rich fertile soil

Question 10

Deciduous forest facts

Answer 10

Central Alberta
Sunlight and warmer temperatures
Rich fertile soil
Precipitation-75-250

Question 11

What causes horizontal stratification?

Answer 11

Sunlight penetration causes horizontal stratification

Question 12

What are the layers of horizontal stratification?

Answer 12

Littoral zone- extends from shoreline out to where the sun penetrates the bottom.
Limnetic zone- extends from littoral zone and is the open water zone. It extends downward to a depth at which there is still enough light for photosynthesis
Profundal zone- is the area below the Limnetic zone. No sunlight reaches this area.
Benthic zone- the ground/ the soil.

Question 13

What are the levels of soil?

Answer 13

Litter- partially decomposed organic matter.
Topsoil- composed of rock particles and minerals.
Subsoil- composed of rock particles and minerals.
Bedrock- solid rock layer.

Question 14

What causes vertical stratification and what does it change?

Answer 14

It is caused by temperature change which changes the density of water.

Question 15

What are the different layers of lake turnover in summer?

Answer 15

Epilimnion- 22C
Thermocline- the middle layer
Hypolimnion- bottom layer 6C

Question 16

What are different layers of lake turn over in autumn?

Answer 16

Warm and cool water will mix restoring oxygen in the bottom of the lake.

Question 17

What are the layers of lake turnover in winter?

Answer 17

Ice
0C
Thermocline
4C

Question 18

What are the layers of lake turnover in spring?

Answer 18

The bottom layer of water is the warmest and will rise to the top. The top layer will sink.

Question 19

What are the abiotic factors affecting aquatic ecosystems?

Answer 19

Oxygen concentration 
Temperature
Carbon dioxide 
pH 
Alkalinity 
Hardness 
Rate of water flow 
Turbidity 
Ice thickness
Salinity 
Pressure

Question 20

What are the biotic factors affecting aquatic ecosystems?

Answer 20

Succession- transition in species composition over time.
Eutrophication- the amount of nutrients
Index species- the species present in the highest population density.

Question 21

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 21

Is a method that is used to name organisms by using two names- the genus name and the species name.

Question 22

What is a homologous structure?

Answer 22

They have similar origin but different uses in different species.

Question 23

What is an analogous structure?

Answer 23

Is a similar in function and appearance but not in origin.

Question 24

What scientific evidence exists to support the theory of evolution?

Answer 24

There is direct evidence- fossils and bones. Indirect evidence- shows links between existing forms and their ancestors

Question 25

By the levels of classification how can you tell two organisms are similar to other organisms

Answer 25

``` By their name. Starting at Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species ```

Question 26

What are some of Darwin's theory's of evolution?

Answer 26

Suggested that the world used to be one land mass because the same species with different adaptions around the world. He observed fossils of ancestors that looks like current species