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Biology 20 > Chapter Three > Flashcards

Chapter Three Flashcards

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0
Q

What is Detritus?

A

Detritus is waste

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1
Q

What are food chains?

A

Food chains pass energy along a series of steps.

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2
Q

What are food webs?

A

Food webs are interlocking food chains and transfer energy through tropic levels.

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3
Q

What are the components of food chains and what do they eat?

A 
Herbivores- feeds on plants 
Carnivores- flesh eaters 
Omnivores- consumes plants and animals
Decomposers- release nutrients in dead organic matter back to the earth 
Scavengers- eat dead organisms
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4
Q

What are the trophic levels?

A

1st- producers
2nd- herbivores/ primary consumer
3rd- carnivores/ omnivores/ decomposers/ secondary consumer
4th- tertiary/ top carnivore

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5
Q

What is the pyramid of numbers?

A

This pyramid illustrates a decrease in available energy/ food in each successive trophic levels

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6
Q

What is the inverted pyramid of numbers?

A

In some ecosystems a smaller number of large organisms at a lower trophic levels

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7
Q

What is a pyramid of biomass?

A

In most ecosystems there is less biomass at higher trophic levels than at lower levels.

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8
Q

What is a pyramid of energy?

A

In all ecosystems there is less energy at higher trophic levels than at lower levels.

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9
Q

What is the law of 10%?

A

Only 10% of the energy is passed on each time.

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10
Q

What is bioaccumulation?

A

The occurrence of chemicals in much higher concentrations in organisms than in the non-living environment.

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11
Q

Why are CHC’s such a big problem?

A

They are soluble in fats. They affect the calcium carbonate in eggshells. Top carnivores usually have massive amounts.

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12
Q

What are the main six elements on earth?

A 
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulphur
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13
Q

What are biogeochemical cycles?

A

It is the recycling of matter. This includes pollution.

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14
Q

Characteristics of water.

A 
Polar molecule
Universal solvent
High boiling point
Adhesive and cohesive properties 
High heat capacity 
Essential for humans
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15
Q

What is the hydrological cycle? What does it cycle? What are the parts of the water cycle?

A

The hydrological cycle transport and recycle hydrogen, oxygen, and water through the biosphere.
Precipitation- liquid state of water.
Condensation- vapour changes to liquid and becomes clouds.
Transpiration- plants release water from its leaves.
Evaporation- liquid changes to water vapour.
Runoff- water runs of the land, to a body of water.

16
Q

What is the carbon cycle and how does it cycle through the biosphere?

A

The carbon cycle is the movement of carbon through the biosphere. It is moved in the means of CO2 and calcium carbonate in rocks.

17
Q

What are stromatolites?

A

Sedimentary created by dead bacteria. Black banding suggests the increase of oxygen.

18
Q

How is nitrogen cycled through the biosphere?

A

Nitrogen is cycled through eating plants and animals. Legume roots will turn nitrogen into the useable form in their nodules.

19
Q

What is nitrogen fixation?

A

The changing of nitrogen into the useable form using multiple steps.
Bacteria use it.

20
Q

What is nitrification?

A

A direct way of changing nitrogen into its useable form.

Lightening

21
Q

How is phosphorus cycled through the biosphere?

A

The weathering of rocks allows for phosphorus to get cycled. It will also leach into water sources.

22
Q

How do humans impact the carbon cycle?

A

Logging
Factories
Breathing
Planting trees/ gardens.

23
Q

What is the useable form of nitrogen?

A

NO3 or nitrate

24
Q

How do humans impact the nitrogen cycle?

A

Pollution.

Cellular respiration

25
Q

How do humans effect the phosphorus cycle?

A

Detergents

Pollution

26
Q

What is the importance of phosphorus?

A

Important for plant growth

Part of DNA molecules

27
Q

What does excess algae cause?

A

It causes algae blooms and a lack of oxygen in water systems

28
Q

What is denitrification?

A

Bacteria converting nitrite or nitrate back into nitrogen gas.

Biology 20 (8 decks)

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