Chapter Six Flashcards
Do plants use cellular respiration?
What is the point of cellular respiration?
Yes plants use cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration takes the sugar and turns it to energy.
What is the photosynthesis equation?
Carbon dioxide + water + energy = glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is chlorophyll and what are all the types?
Chlorophyll is a special pigment that captures light and begins photosynthesis. The types are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
Characteristics of chlorophyll a.
Blue- green colour.
Primary light absorber.
Characteristics of chlorophyll b.
A yellow- green colour.
What light do plants grow best in?
Blue violet and red light rays.
What are the two stages in photosynthesis and where do the occur?
The two stages are light-dependant and the light-independent. They both occur in the chloroplasts.
Antenna complex
Antenna complex has a few hundred chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid molecules.
What is a photon?
A packet of light.
What happens when a photon gets to the antenna complex?
When an antenna molecule absorbs a photon, the energy is transmitted from pigment to pigment until it reaches a particular chlorophyll a called the reaction centre.
What is the reaction centre?
The specific chlorophyll a that the photon travels to.
Where does the light dependent reaction occur and what is the purpose?
It occurs in the thylakoids membrane and the purpose is to transfer light energy into ATP and NADPH, which is the useful energy molecules for a plant.
Who is Robert Emerson?
He found that it was more efficient when long and short wave lengths were used simultaneously when growing a plant. This happens because there is two processes occurring info the thylakoids.
What are the two parts of the light dependent stage?
Photosystem 1
Photosystem 2
Which photosystem happens first?
Photosystem 2
What happens when a photon enters photosystem 2?
When a photon enters the chlorophyll one of the electrons is left in an excited state. This electron will then be transferred to the chlorophyll complex at photosystem 1 via an electron transport chain. As electrons move down the chain ATP is produced by chemiosmosis. The reaction centre is now short an electron. Splitting of water will then replenish the lost electron.
What is photolysis?
H2O = 1/2 O2 + 2H + 2e
This will produce electrons and oxygen.
Describe what happens in ps1?
When light arrives at ps1 an electron is raised to an excited state. The excited electron then moves to an electron acceptor through the electron transport chain. An enzyme then transfers the electron to NADP to NADPH.
What does NADPH provide power for?
The Calvin cycle.
What is the ATP synthase complex?
A turbine like object on the thylakoid membrane.
How does the ATP synthase complex work?
When hydrogen atoms pass through the ATP synthase complex it causes the turbine to turn changing ADP to ATP.
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
In the stroma
What are stomata?
They are tiny holes in the leaf or stem that allows for CO2 to enter and oxygen and water to exit.
What is carbon fixation?
The changing of carbon dioxide to sugar.
What is the last step in photosynthesis?
The Calvin cycle.
What is the immediate product of the Calvin cycle? How is glucose formed?
G3P is the immediate product of the Calvin cycle. Glucose is formed by multiple G3P’s
How much water is produced in the Calvin cycle?
The amount of water produced is less than consumed in the light dependent reaction
What are the factors affecting photosynthesis?
Temperature CO2 supply Kind and amount of light H2O supply Availability of minerals
What are the reactants of the Calvin cycle?
C2O
NADPH
ATP
What is the chloroplast?
Where photosynthesis takes place.
Where chlorophyll is
What are the reactants?
What are the products?
Of photosynthesis
Reactants- water, energy, CO2.
Products- glucose, O2
What substances are being reduced and oxidized in photosynthesis?
ps2- reduced by water. Oxidized by energy.
ps1- reduced by ps2. Oxidized by energy.
