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Finals Study Guide Honors Biology > Unit 9 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Unit 9 Vocabulary Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait

A

Gene

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2
Q

an inherited characterisitic (ex. eye color)

A

Trait

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3
Q

one set of chromosomes from mom and one set from dad that form a pair

A

Homologous chromosomes

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4
Q

different versions (alternate forms) for a gene at a single location in the DNA

A

Allele

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5
Q

observed trait of a organism that masks any other allele

A

Dominant

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6
Q

masked by a dominant allele

A

recessive

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7
Q

two copies of the dominant allele

A

Homozygous dominant

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8
Q

one dominant and one recessive allele

A

heterozygous

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9
Q

two copies of the recessive alleles

A

homozygous recessive

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10
Q

the appearance of an organism for a gene

A

phenotype

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11
Q

the inherited allele combination of an organism for a gene

A

genotype

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12
Q

the passing of characteristics from generation to generation

A

heredity

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13
Q

the passing on of traits from parent to offspring

A

inheritance

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14
Q

the father of genetics; worked with pea plants

A

gregor mendel

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15
Q

a genetic mating of individuals that are different for only 1 trait (tall vs. dwarf)

A

monohybrid cross

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16
Q

the parental generation

A

p generation

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17
Q

the first generation of offspring

A

F1 generation

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18
Q

the second generation of offspring

A

F2 generation

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19
Q

eggs or sperm

A

gametes

20
Q

alleles are randomly placed into gametes during meiosis

A

mendel’s law of segregation

21
Q

alleles are inherited independent from other alleles

A

mendel’s law of independent assortment

22
Q

an easy short hand way to predict the outcome of crosses

A

punnet square

23
Q

homozygous individual that can only make one type of allele

A

pure breeding

24
Q

the offspring from two different pure breeding parents

A

hybrid

25
Q

the predicted frequency of offspring genotype from a monohyrbid cross

A

genotype ratio

26
Q

the predicted frequency of offspring phenotype from a monohyrbid cross

A

phenotype ratio

27
Q

traits that require one dominant allele to be expressed; recessive phenotype requires two recessive alleles to be expressed

A

simple dominant/ recessive heredity

28
Q

genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele; individuals have shortened arms and legs

A

dwarfism

29
Q

genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele; degenerative neurological disorder

A

huntington disease

30
Q

genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele; fat builds up in baby’s brain, killing the baby by age 5

A

Tay-sach’s

31
Q

genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele; individuals cannot digest the amino acid phynlalanine

A

PKU

32
Q

disorder caused by a recessive allele; individuals accumlate thick mucus in the lungs

A

cystic fibrosis

33
Q

disorder caused by a recessive allele; individuals do not contain pigment in their cells

A

Albinism

34
Q

heterozygous displays a phenotype that is intermediate between dominant and recessive

A

incomplete dominance

35
Q

more than 2 alleles within the population for a particular gene

A

multiple alleles

36
Q

when 2 alleles are equally dominant, making an individual that expresses BOTH phenotypes

A

codominance

37
Q

genes that are on the X or Y chromosome, like colorblindness

A

sex linked

38
Q

sex linked disorder; individuals see colors differently

A

colorblindness

39
Q

sex linked disorder; individuals cannot clot blood properly

A

hemophilia

40
Q

sex linked disorder; individuals have mental and physical deformities (like an elongated head)

A

fragile x syndrome

41
Q

traits that are controlled by more than one gene

A

polygenic

42
Q

change in chromosome number

A

anueploidy

43
Q

failure of chromosomes to separate accurately during meiosis

A

nondisjunction

44
Q

disorder caused by aneuploidy with an extra chromosome #21

A

down syndrome

45
Q

disorder caused by aneuploidy with a missing x chromosome

A

turner syndrome

46
Q

discrete package of DNA that codes for genes

A

chromosome

Finals Study Guide Honors Biology (11 decks)

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