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Finals Study Guide Honors Biology > Unit 6 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Unit 6 Vocabulary Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

a type of biological molecule made up of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds; what DNA codes for

A

Proteins

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3
Q

a type of biological molecule made up of nucleotides; stores genetic information; DNA is an example

A

Nucleic Acid

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4
Q

the basic building blocks of nucleic acids and thus DNA

A

Nucleotide

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5
Q

the sugar that is found in the nucleotides of DNA

A

Deoxyribose Sugar

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6
Q

one of the main components of a nucleotide; there are four different ones in DNA (A, C, G, T)

A

Nitrogen Base

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7
Q

the third component of a nucleotide; a phosphorous atom surrounded by for oxygen Atoms

A

Phosphate group

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8
Q

the shape of a DNA molecule; resembles a twisted ladder

A

Double Helix

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9
Q

deoxyribose and phosphates bonded together to form the outer sided of the DNA ladder

A

Sugar phosphate backbone

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10
Q

weak chemical bond that forms between opposite charges of adjacent polar molecules; holds the two sides of DNA together in the middle

A

Hydrogen Bond

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11
Q

states that A bonds with T and C bonds with G

A

Base pairing rule

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12
Q

one of the four types of nucleotide found in DNA

A

Adenine

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13
Q

one of the four types of nucleotide found in DNA

A

Guanine

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14
Q

one of the four types of nucleotide found in DNA

A

Cytosine

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15
Q

one of the four types of nucleotide found in DNA

A

Thymine

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16
Q

because of the base pairing rule, one side of DNA can be used to predict the opposite, or complimentary side

A

Complementary

17
Q

the process of DNA making copies of itself to put into new cells

A

Replication

18
Q

because of the base pairing rule, one side of DNA can be used to form the complementary side

A

Template

19
Q

the new complimentary strand formed during DNA replication

A

Daughter strand

20
Q

the original strand used as a template in DNA replication

A

Parental Strand

21
Q

when DNA is replicated, each new DNA molecule has one original and one new strand

A

Semi conservative

22
Q

one of the molecules used to store genetic information; ribonucleic acid

A

RNA

23
Q

the process of using DNA’s instructions to build proteins in the ribosomes within a cell

A

Protein Synthesis

24
Q

the sugar that is found in the nucleotides of RNA

A

Ribose

25
Q

this nitrogen base replaces T in RNA molecules

A

Uracil

26
Q

mRNA; carries a copy of DNA’s instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome

A

Messenger RNA

27
Q

tRNA; carries amino acids from the cytosol to the ribosomes for protein synthesis

A

Transfer RNA

28
Q

rRNA; makes up the ribosomes

A

Ribosomal RNA

29
Q

a three letter code

A

triplet

30
Q

a three letter mRNA code that codes for one amino acid

A

Codon

31
Q

the building blocks of proteins

A

Amino acid

32
Q

the idea the DNA is used to make RNA which is used to make proteins

A

Central dogma

33
Q

the process of copying DNA’s instructions onto mRNA in the nucleus of the cell

A

Transcription

34
Q

where proteins are assembled

A

Ribosome

35
Q

the process of turning mRNA code into a sequence of amino acids that builds a protein

A

Translation

36
Q

a three letter tRNA code that base pairs with the codon on mRNA to place an amino acid into its correct position

A

Anticodon

37
Q

what is built in the ribosome according to the instructions provided by DNA

A

Protein

38
Q

holds amino acids together to form proteins

A

peptide bond

39
Q

the main molecule that stores genetic information for all living things

A

DNA

Finals Study Guide Honors Biology (11 decks)

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