Unit 6 Vocabulary Flashcards
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
a type of biological molecule made up of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds; what DNA codes for
Proteins
a type of biological molecule made up of nucleotides; stores genetic information; DNA is an example
Nucleic Acid
the basic building blocks of nucleic acids and thus DNA
Nucleotide
the sugar that is found in the nucleotides of DNA
Deoxyribose Sugar
one of the main components of a nucleotide; there are four different ones in DNA (A, C, G, T)
Nitrogen Base
the third component of a nucleotide; a phosphorous atom surrounded by for oxygen Atoms
Phosphate group
the shape of a DNA molecule; resembles a twisted ladder
Double Helix
deoxyribose and phosphates bonded together to form the outer sided of the DNA ladder
Sugar phosphate backbone
weak chemical bond that forms between opposite charges of adjacent polar molecules; holds the two sides of DNA together in the middle
Hydrogen Bond
states that A bonds with T and C bonds with G
Base pairing rule
one of the four types of nucleotide found in DNA
Adenine
one of the four types of nucleotide found in DNA
Guanine
one of the four types of nucleotide found in DNA
Cytosine
one of the four types of nucleotide found in DNA
Thymine
because of the base pairing rule, one side of DNA can be used to predict the opposite, or complimentary side
Complementary
the process of DNA making copies of itself to put into new cells
Replication
because of the base pairing rule, one side of DNA can be used to form the complementary side
Template
the new complimentary strand formed during DNA replication
Daughter strand
the original strand used as a template in DNA replication
Parental Strand
when DNA is replicated, each new DNA molecule has one original and one new strand
Semi conservative
one of the molecules used to store genetic information; ribonucleic acid
RNA
the process of using DNA’s instructions to build proteins in the ribosomes within a cell
Protein Synthesis
the sugar that is found in the nucleotides of RNA
Ribose
this nitrogen base replaces T in RNA molecules
Uracil
mRNA; carries a copy of DNA’s instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome
Messenger RNA
tRNA; carries amino acids from the cytosol to the ribosomes for protein synthesis
Transfer RNA
rRNA; makes up the ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
a three letter code
triplet
a three letter mRNA code that codes for one amino acid
Codon
the building blocks of proteins
Amino acid
the idea the DNA is used to make RNA which is used to make proteins
Central dogma
the process of copying DNA’s instructions onto mRNA in the nucleus of the cell
Transcription
where proteins are assembled
Ribosome
the process of turning mRNA code into a sequence of amino acids that builds a protein
Translation
a three letter tRNA code that base pairs with the codon on mRNA to place an amino acid into its correct position
Anticodon
what is built in the ribosome according to the instructions provided by DNA
Protein
holds amino acids together to form proteins
peptide bond
the main molecule that stores genetic information for all living things
DNA
