Unit 8 Vocabulary Flashcards
a disease that occurs due to a mutation that causes abnormal cell growth
Cancer
a mass of cancerous cells
tumor
a DNA change that occurs at a single nucleotide
Point mutation
a mutation that does not result in a different amino acid sequence in the protein being assembled
Silent mutation
a DNA change that causes a nucleotide to be added or deleted from a sequence, shifting the codons over by one letter
Frameshift mutation
a DNA change that affects an entire chromosome
chromosomal mutation
a pount mutation in which a single nucleotide is substituted for a different nucleotide
substitution
A frameshift mutation in which a nucleotide is removed from a sequence
Deletion
A frameshift mutation in which a nucleotide is added to a sequence
insertion
A frameshift or chromosomal mutation in which an entire sequence of DNA is copied and added to the sequence
duplication
any factor that causes mutations
mutagen
A mutation that occurs in a body cell and cannot be passed on to offspring
body cell mutation
A mutation that occurs in a reproductive cell and can be passed on to offspring
sex cell mutation
a genetic disease caused by a substitution mutation; is a dominant disorder; dwarfism (short stature)
Achondroplasia
a genetic disease caused by a duplication (stutter) mutation; is a dominant disorder; a neurological disorder
Huntington Disease
a genetic disease caused by a deletion mutation; is a recessive disorder; causes fluid build up in lungs
Cystic Fibrosis
A genetic disease caused by a substitution mutation is a recessive disorder causes it irregularly shaped red blood cells
sickle cell disease
a genetic disease caused by an inversion (the chromosome sequence is flipped around - a chromosomal mutation); is a recessive disorder; causes the blood to not be able to clot properly
Hemophilia
a genetic disorder caused by many different types of mutations; is a recessive disorder; causes colors to not be viewed accurately
colorblindness
a genetic disorder caused by a chromsomal mutation in which part of chromosome 5 is deleted; children born with this generally die very young
cri du chat
a genetic disorder caused by a chromsomal mutation in whicn an extra chromosome 21 is inherited
Down syndrome
a genetic disorder caused by a chromosomal mutation in which an extra X chromosome is inherited
Kleinfelter Syndrome
a genetic disorder caused by a chromosomal mutation in which an extra Y chromosome is inherited
Jacob’s Syndrome
a genetic disorder caused by a chromsomal mutation in which only 1 x chromosome is inherited
Turner Syndrome
the project that decoded human DNA and figured out the DNA sequence of humans
The human Genome project
using DNA to create new traits or species
genetic engineering
using healthy genes to correct for genetic disorders
gene therapy
a permanent change in DNA
Mutation
