Unit 8 Vocabulary

Question 1

a disease that occurs due to a mutation that causes abnormal cell growth

Answer 1

Cancer

Question 2

a mass of cancerous cells

Answer 2

tumor

Question 3

a DNA change that occurs at a single nucleotide

Answer 3

Point mutation

Question 4

a mutation that does not result in a different amino acid sequence in the protein being assembled

Answer 4

Silent mutation

Question 5

a DNA change that causes a nucleotide to be added or deleted from a sequence, shifting the codons over by one letter

Answer 5

Frameshift mutation

Question 6

a DNA change that affects an entire chromosome

Answer 6

chromosomal mutation

Question 7

a pount mutation in which a single nucleotide is substituted for a different nucleotide

Answer 7

substitution

Question 8

A frameshift mutation in which a nucleotide is removed from a sequence

Answer 8

Deletion

Question 9

A frameshift mutation in which a nucleotide is added to a sequence

Answer 9

insertion

Question 10

A frameshift or chromosomal mutation in which an entire sequence of DNA is copied and added to the sequence

Answer 10

duplication

Question 11

any factor that causes mutations

Answer 11

mutagen

Question 12

A mutation that occurs in a body cell and cannot be passed on to offspring

Answer 12

body cell mutation

Question 13

A mutation that occurs in a reproductive cell and can be passed on to offspring

Answer 13

sex cell mutation

Question 14

a genetic disease caused by a substitution mutation; is a dominant disorder; dwarfism (short stature)

Answer 14

Achondroplasia

Question 15

a genetic disease caused by a duplication (stutter) mutation; is a dominant disorder; a neurological disorder

Answer 15

Huntington Disease

Question 16

a genetic disease caused by a deletion mutation; is a recessive disorder; causes fluid build up in lungs

Answer 16

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 17

A genetic disease caused by a substitution mutation is a recessive disorder causes it irregularly shaped red blood cells

Answer 17

sickle cell disease

Question 18

a genetic disease caused by an inversion (the chromosome sequence is flipped around - a chromosomal mutation); is a recessive disorder; causes the blood to not be able to clot properly

Answer 18

Hemophilia

Question 19

a genetic disorder caused by many different types of mutations; is a recessive disorder; causes colors to not be viewed accurately

Answer 19

colorblindness

Question 20

a genetic disorder caused by a chromsomal mutation in which part of chromosome 5 is deleted; children born with this generally die very young

Answer 20

cri du chat

Question 21

a genetic disorder caused by a chromsomal mutation in whicn an extra chromosome 21 is inherited

Answer 21

Down syndrome

Question 22

a genetic disorder caused by a chromosomal mutation in which an extra X chromosome is inherited

Answer 22

Kleinfelter Syndrome

Question 23

a genetic disorder caused by a chromosomal mutation in which an extra Y chromosome is inherited

Answer 23

Jacob’s Syndrome

Question 24

a genetic disorder caused by a chromsomal mutation in which only 1 x chromosome is inherited

Answer 24

Turner Syndrome

Question 25

the project that decoded human DNA and figured out the DNA sequence of humans

Answer 25

The human Genome project

Question 26

using DNA to create new traits or species

Answer 26

genetic engineering

Question 27

using healthy genes to correct for genetic disorders

Answer 27

gene therapy

Question 28

a permanent change in DNA

Answer 28

Mutation