Unit 9: Renal and Urologic Systems GAME Flashcards
What substance causes the collecting ducts to increase permeability and reabsorb water?
Anti-diuretic hormone
If ONLY the BUN is elevated, and the creatinine is normal, what condition should the nurse expect?
Dehydration
What does the GFR (glomerular filtration rate) mean?
The GFR provides the best estimate of kidney function or damage
Why do clients with end-stage renal disease develop anemia?
The diseased kidney cannot make erythropoietin, which is necessary for the production of red blood cells. Fewer RBC = anemia.
What normal physiology is responsible for keeping protein from spilling out into the urine?
The negative membrane charge repels plasma proteins to prevent excretion into urine.
Which hormone controls the final specific gravity (concentration) of the urine?
Antidiuretic hormone
A client has an urinary tract infection. Then, white blood cells infiltrate the medulla and cause inflammation, edema, and purulent urine. What condition is this?
Pyelonephritis
A client is diagnosed with stage 5 kidney disease. What should the nurse expect the GFR (Glomerular filtration rate) to be?
less than 15
In which condition will the client lose more than 3.5 grams of protein a day in the urine, have serum albumin levels drop, increase serum cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides, but NOT show any evidence of blood in the urine?
Nephrotic syndrome
What is an example of a post-renal factor that causes renal dysfunction?
Neuromuscular dysfunction
When a patient has hypotension, what is the first step of the neural regulation of the kidneys that will help to increase the blood volume?
Baroreceptors in the aortic arch sense low blood pressure and stimulate increased renal sympathetic nerve activity
Why does drinking cranberry juice help PREVENT urinary tract infections but will not do anything to treat them?
Cranberry juice increases the acidity of the urine which keeps bacteria from forming, but once they are there the pH will not help get rid of them.
At what level is a client considered to have oliguria?
less than 30 mL of urine output in one hour OR less than 375 mL in a 24 hour period.
What is the function of the nephron?
Formation of urine
How full does the bladder need to be before someone will feel the urge to urinate?
250-350 mL
The kidneys receive around 20-25% of the cardiac output. What will happen to the kidneys when the cardiac output is drastically reduced to the point that the ejection fraction is less than 40%?
Severe symptoms, fluid backs up into the lungs, and the kidneys will begin to fail.
This type of stone is related to high levels of uric acid or purines, is associated with Gout, and develops in an acidic urine pH environment.
Uric acid stones
True or False: Patients with Diabetes Mellitus are at an increased risk of developing renal calculi (kidney stones)
True
This type of stone forms in clients with a high dairy diet who also have an alkaline urine pH.
Calcium phosphate stones
How do kidney stones form?
Supersaturation of crystals
Which condition will increase the risk of renal calculi (kidney stone) formation in a client who is predisposed to them?
Dehydration
In what condition does the kidney fail to develop in utero, resulting in a lack of amniotic fluid that causes the child to be born with wide-set eyes, parrot-beak nose, low -set ears, and a receding chin. This children usually die within a few hours of birth.
Potter Syndrome
What is the underlying pathophysiology of Polycystsic Renal disease?
Defective epithelial cell formation and cilia causes cysts to form throughout the nephron, which alters the kidney’s function
This condition involves a rare kidney cancer that affects children, usually under age 5. The tumor forms an abdominal mass that is typically noticed by the parents when the child takes a bath.
Nephroblastoma (Wilm’s tumor)
