Unit 8 Pulmonary YT vids Flashcards
- V/Q mismatch responds to …?
- Aa gradient is…
- Causes are (6)
- 100% O2, unless there is a shunt, in which case there is 0 ventilation occurring.
- Aa. gradient is increased
- Causes: COPD, fibrosis, asthma, P.E., Pul HTN, and PNA. Most common cause of hypoxemia.
Categories of lung problems:
- O2 can’t enter lungs
- CO2 can’t exit lungs
- Ventilation: Problem in gas-exchange
- Perfusion: Problem with blood supply
restrictive v. obstructive pulmonary diseases
Restrictive disease is when lungs are not expanding properly during inhalation, so O2 will be scarce
dead space
space that is useless now because
problem with fibrosis in lungs is
too much scar tissue
How can the chest wall restrict lungs from receiving air
if it is unable to comply d/t a problem with mm.
restrictive disease triggers examples
fibrosis, chest wall damaged, amyloidosis
obstructive disease
COPD, asthma
emphysema
COPD, where lungs lose their elastic quality. Pink puffer
chronic bronchitis
COPD, where there is a lot of irritation that makes a lot of mucous. Blue bloater
asthma
airways spasm and close up, blocking air from exiting
What are some causes of impaired gas exchange?
pneumonia, edema
pneumonia
infection where there is a lot of mucous and secretions, fluid
mucous purpose
to flush out infectious particles
edema
fluid where there is not supposed to be any
perfusion
ability to get blood where it is supposed to go
causes of impaired perfusion
blood clot in lungs, pulmonary embolus
popping and wheezing in asthma attack is caused by…
- popping comes from constriction and fluid in narrowed airway
- wheezing comes from narrowing of mucosa and the extra fluid in mucosa layer
-
where does phlegm com from?
the glands in mucosa of airway
lumen is
where air moves in and out, it is dry but lubricated by mucous
asthma tirggered by
allergens in the atmosphere, our anitbodes, IgE, go look for our mast cells
mast cells
filled with histamine molecules and is the main player in any allergic rxn.
Patho behing asthma
Muscular layer swells up and thickens, then the mucosal layer, then glands produce mucous. IgE will only bind with mast cells after having found an allergen. It will attach mast cell, opening pockets that release histamine which causes the allergic rxn (sneeze, hives, etc.)
