Unit 8 Pulmonary YT vids

Question 1

1. V/Q mismatch responds to …?
2. Aa gradient is…
3. Causes are (6)

Answer 1

1. 100% O2, unless there is a shunt, in which case there is 0 ventilation occurring.
2. Aa. gradient is increased
3. Causes: COPD, fibrosis, asthma, P.E., Pul HTN, and PNA. Most common cause of hypoxemia.

Question 2

Categories of lung problems:

Answer 2

1. O2 can’t enter lungs
2. CO2 can’t exit lungs
3. Ventilation: Problem in gas-exchange
4. Perfusion: Problem with blood supply

Question 3

restrictive v. obstructive pulmonary diseases

Answer 3

Restrictive disease is when lungs are not expanding properly during inhalation, so O2 will be scarce

Question 4

dead space

Answer 4

space that is useless now because

Question 5

problem with fibrosis in lungs is

Answer 5

too much scar tissue

Question 6

How can the chest wall restrict lungs from receiving air

Answer 6

if it is unable to comply d/t a problem with mm.

Question 7

restrictive disease triggers examples

Answer 7

fibrosis, chest wall damaged, amyloidosis

Question 8

obstructive disease

Answer 8

COPD, asthma

Question 9

emphysema

Answer 9

COPD, where lungs lose their elastic quality. Pink puffer

Question 10

chronic bronchitis

Answer 10

COPD, where there is a lot of irritation that makes a lot of mucous. Blue bloater

Question 11

asthma

Answer 11

airways spasm and close up, blocking air from exiting

Question 12

What are some causes of impaired gas exchange?

Answer 12

pneumonia, edema

Question 13

pneumonia

Answer 13

infection where there is a lot of mucous and secretions, fluid

Question 14

mucous purpose

Answer 14

to flush out infectious particles

Question 15

edema

Answer 15

fluid where there is not supposed to be any

Question 16

perfusion

Answer 16

ability to get blood where it is supposed to go

Question 17

causes of impaired perfusion

Answer 17

blood clot in lungs, pulmonary embolus

Question 18

popping and wheezing in asthma attack is caused by…

Answer 18

• popping comes from constriction and fluid in narrowed airway
• wheezing comes from narrowing of mucosa and the extra fluid in mucosa layer

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Question 19

where does phlegm com from?

Answer 19

the glands in mucosa of airway

Question 20

lumen is

Answer 20

where air moves in and out, it is dry but lubricated by mucous

Question 21

asthma tirggered by

Answer 21

allergens in the atmosphere, our anitbodes, IgE, go look for our mast cells

Question 22

mast cells

Answer 22

filled with histamine molecules and is the main player in any allergic rxn.

Question 23

Patho behing asthma

Answer 23

Muscular layer swells up and thickens, then the mucosal layer, then glands produce mucous. IgE will only bind with mast cells after having found an allergen. It will attach mast cell, opening pockets that release histamine which causes the allergic rxn (sneeze, hives, etc.)