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3125 Pathophysiology > Unit 7: Cardiovascular and Lymph PRE-CLASS game > Flashcards

Unit 7: Cardiovascular and Lymph PRE-CLASS game Flashcards

1
Q

what would cause backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves?

A

congenital papillary m. defect

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2
Q

pericardium

A

double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart and provides barrier against infections

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3
Q

afterload

A

amount of resistance heart must overcome to open aortic valve and push blood to circulation

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4
Q

block in pulmonary artery causes blood to back up to where?

A

pulmonary vein

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5
Q

Which chamber of the heart generates the highest pressure?

A

left ventricle

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6
Q

Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (stretch at end of diastole)

A

preload

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7
Q

Which nerve innervates the SinoAtrial (SA) node of the heart?

A

Vagus n. (parasympa)

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8
Q

What effect will acetylcholine have on the heart?

A

decreased heart rate

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9
Q

What does the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram show?

A

ventricular activity

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10
Q

What diagnosis is likely if the left ventricle does not receive an electrical impulse?

A

L. bundle branch block

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11
Q

Which structure conducts action potentials down the atrioventricular septum?

A

Bundle of HIS

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12
Q

rapid movement of ions across the cardiac muscle cell membrane causes:

A

Depolarization

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13
Q

what should the nurse assess for after the Bainbridge reflex is activated in a patient?

A

increased heart rate

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14
Q

What is the most important negative inotropic agent?

A

ACh

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15
Q

This substance contains binding sites for calcium ions involved in heart muscle contraction

A

Troponin C

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16
Q

This substance inhibits the ATPase of actomysosin on heart tissue

A

Troponin I

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17
Q

This substance aids in the binding of troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin

A

Troponin T

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18
Q

What should the nurse monitor for in a patient with increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume?

A

increased force of contraction

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19
Q

Where are baroreceptors found?

A

carotid a.

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20
Q

What would the nurse expect to find in a patient diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency?

A

skin hyperpigementation

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21
Q

What will the nurse ask the patient to do when assessing for orthostatic hypotension?

A

stand up

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22
Q

Coronary artery disease leads to

A

myocardial ischemia

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23
Q

What is a common cause of SCVS?

A

bronchogenic cancer

24
Q

Which condition involves progressive occlusion of vessels that leads to venous distention in the upper extremities and head?

A

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS)

25
Q

An aneurysm in this location can cause swallowing trouble and shortness of breath

A

thoracic aorta

26
Q

Which condition involves formation of thrombi that are filled with inflammatory and immune cells?

A

thromboangiitis obliterans aka Buerger’s disease

27
Q

Which condition is characterized by vasospasms in the small arteries and arterioles of fingers and sometimes toes?

A

Raynaud Phenomenon

28
Q

Which condition involves abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls that result in narrowed inner lumen?

A

artherosclerosis

29
Q

where do most cerebral aneurysms occur?

A

Circle of Willis

30
Q

What term describes a detached blood clot?

A

Thromboembolus

31
Q

Which condition involves fibrosis and calcification of the pericardial layers?

A

constructive pericarditis

32
Q

type of chest pain that occurs when the myocaridal oxygen supply is below demand (myocardial ischemia)

A

angina pectoris

33
Q

What intervention is necessary for patients with myocardial ischemia?

A

apply oxygen

34
Q

What diagnosis is likely for a patient with muffled heart sounds and blood backing up into the venous system resulting in hepatomegaly?

A

Cardiac tamponade

35
Q

Type of chest pain that occurs both at rest and exertion but often at night.

A

Prinzmetal angina

36
Q

chest pain associated with activity that subsides with rest.

A

Stable angina

37
Q

Which condition is manifested by widened pulse pressure that results from increased stroke volume and diastolic backflow into the left ventricle?

A

aortic regurgitation

38
Q

pulmonary symptoms common to left heart failure are a result of:

A

pulmonary vascular congestion

39
Q

What causes the impaired cellular metabolism associated with Shock?

A

inadequate tissue perfusion

40
Q

What is the most common cause of right sided heart failure?

A

L. sided heart failure

41
Q

A patient diagnosed with mitral stenosis will have incomplete emptying of which portion of the heart?

A

L. atrium

42
Q

What is one major consequence of switching from aerobic to anaerobic cellular metabolism during shock states?

A

decreased ATP production

43
Q

What symptoms would a nurse expect to see in a patient with septic shock?

A

low BP and tachycardia

44
Q

Where must bacteria be located for septic shock to develop following an infection?

A

the bloodstream

45
Q

Which type of shock is characterized by bronchoconstriction, hives, and hypotension?

A

Anaphylactic shock

46
Q

In hypovolemic shock, cardiac output and tissue perfusion pressures increase forcing the interstitial fluid to move. Where does the fluid move?

A

vascular compartment

47
Q

Which genetic anomaly most often accompanies diagnoses of congenital heart defects?

A

Trisomy 21

48
Q

In which type of shock does the blood volume not change but the SVR decreases drastically so that the amount of space containing the blood has increased, resulting in hypotension?

A

neurogenic shock

49
Q

Which assessment finding is common in newborns with coarctation of the aorta?

A

weak or absent femoral pulses

50
Q

Which condition, often found in children, is related to inflammation of small capillaries?

A

Kawasaki disease

51
Q

Infants with aortic stenosis have resistance of blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta, which causes this to develop.

A

pulmonary HYT

52
Q

Which condition involves a narrowing of the aorta near the ductus arteriosus?

A

coarctation of the aorta

53
Q

Which condition is the failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close, allowing blood to flow from the higher-pressure aorta to the lower-pressure pulmonary artery, causing a left-to-right shunt?

A

PDA, or patent ductus arteriosus

54
Q

Infants with tetralogy of Fallot experience this after crying or during feeding

A

cyanosis

55
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

blood pressure in expiration is more than arterial pressure during inspiration (over 10 mmHg)

56
Q

If a client has pulsus paradoxus ands pericardial effusion, what is this called?

A

caridiac tamponade

57
Q

What causes a friction rub?

A

Roughened pericardial membranes rub against each other

3125 Pathophysiology (19 decks)

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