Unit 7: Cardiovascular and Lymph PRE-CLASS game

Question 1

what would cause backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves?

Answer 1

congenital papillary m. defect

Question 2

pericardium

Answer 2

double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart and provides barrier against infections

Question 3

afterload

Answer 3

amount of resistance heart must overcome to open aortic valve and push blood to circulation

Question 4

block in pulmonary artery causes blood to back up to where?

Answer 4

pulmonary vein

Question 5

Which chamber of the heart generates the highest pressure?

Answer 5

left ventricle

Question 6

Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (stretch at end of diastole)

Answer 6

preload

Question 7

Which nerve innervates the SinoAtrial (SA) node of the heart?

Answer 7

Vagus n. (parasympa)

Question 8

What effect will acetylcholine have on the heart?

Answer 8

decreased heart rate

Question 9

What does the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram show?

Answer 9

ventricular activity

Question 10

What diagnosis is likely if the left ventricle does not receive an electrical impulse?

Answer 10

L. bundle branch block

Question 11

Which structure conducts action potentials down the atrioventricular septum?

Answer 11

Bundle of HIS

Question 12

rapid movement of ions across the cardiac muscle cell membrane causes:

Answer 12

Depolarization

Question 13

what should the nurse assess for after the Bainbridge reflex is activated in a patient?

Answer 13

increased heart rate

Question 14

What is the most important negative inotropic agent?

Answer 14

ACh

Question 15

This substance contains binding sites for calcium ions involved in heart muscle contraction

Answer 15

Troponin C

Question 16

This substance inhibits the ATPase of actomysosin on heart tissue

Answer 16

Troponin I

Question 17

This substance aids in the binding of troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin

Answer 17

Troponin T

Question 18

What should the nurse monitor for in a patient with increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume?

Answer 18

increased force of contraction

Question 19

Where are baroreceptors found?

Answer 19

carotid a.

Question 20

What would the nurse expect to find in a patient diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency?

Answer 20

skin hyperpigementation

Question 21

What will the nurse ask the patient to do when assessing for orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 21

stand up

Question 22

Coronary artery disease leads to

Answer 22

myocardial ischemia

Question 23

What is a common cause of SCVS?

Answer 23

bronchogenic cancer

Question 24

Which condition involves progressive occlusion of vessels that leads to venous distention in the upper extremities and head?

Answer 24

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS)

Question 25

An aneurysm in this location can cause swallowing trouble and shortness of breath

Answer 25

thoracic aorta

Question 26

Which condition involves formation of thrombi that are filled with inflammatory and immune cells?

Answer 26

thromboangiitis obliterans aka Buerger's disease

Question 27

Which condition is characterized by vasospasms in the small arteries and arterioles of fingers and sometimes toes?

Answer 27

Raynaud Phenomenon

Question 28

Which condition involves abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls that result in narrowed inner lumen?

Answer 28

artherosclerosis

Question 29

where do most cerebral aneurysms occur?

Answer 29

Circle of Willis

Question 30

What term describes a detached blood clot?

Answer 30

Thromboembolus

Question 31

Which condition involves fibrosis and calcification of the pericardial layers?

Answer 31

constructive pericarditis

Question 32

type of chest pain that occurs when the myocaridal oxygen supply is below demand (myocardial ischemia)

Answer 32

angina pectoris

Question 33

What intervention is necessary for patients with myocardial ischemia?

Answer 33

apply oxygen

Question 34

What diagnosis is likely for a patient with muffled heart sounds and blood backing up into the venous system resulting in hepatomegaly?

Answer 34

Cardiac tamponade

Question 35

Type of chest pain that occurs both at rest and exertion but often at night.

Answer 35

Prinzmetal angina

Question 36

chest pain associated with activity that subsides with rest.

Answer 36

Stable angina

Question 37

Which condition is manifested by widened pulse pressure that results from increased stroke volume and diastolic backflow into the left ventricle?

Answer 37

aortic regurgitation

Question 38

pulmonary symptoms common to left heart failure are a result of:

Answer 38

pulmonary vascular congestion

Question 39

What causes the impaired cellular metabolism associated with Shock?

Answer 39

inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 40

What is the most common cause of right sided heart failure?

Answer 40

L. sided heart failure

Question 41

A patient diagnosed with mitral stenosis will have incomplete emptying of which portion of the heart?

Answer 41

L. atrium

Question 42

What is one major consequence of switching from aerobic to anaerobic cellular metabolism during shock states?

Answer 42

decreased ATP production

Question 43

What symptoms would a nurse expect to see in a patient with septic shock?

Answer 43

low BP and tachycardia

Question 44

Where must bacteria be located for septic shock to develop following an infection?

Answer 44

the bloodstream

Question 45

Which type of shock is characterized by bronchoconstriction, hives, and hypotension?

Answer 45

Anaphylactic shock

Question 46

In hypovolemic shock, cardiac output and tissue perfusion pressures increase forcing the interstitial fluid to move. Where does the fluid move?

Answer 46

vascular compartment

Question 47

Which genetic anomaly most often accompanies diagnoses of congenital heart defects?

Answer 47

Trisomy 21

Question 48

In which type of shock does the blood volume not change but the SVR decreases drastically so that the amount of space containing the blood has increased, resulting in hypotension?

Answer 48

neurogenic shock

Question 49

Which assessment finding is common in newborns with coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 49

weak or absent femoral pulses

Question 50

Which condition, often found in children, is related to inflammation of small capillaries?

Answer 50

Kawasaki disease

Question 51

Infants with aortic stenosis have resistance of blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta, which causes this to develop.

Answer 51

pulmonary HYT

Question 52

Which condition involves a narrowing of the aorta near the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 52

coarctation of the aorta

Question 53

Which condition is the failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close, allowing blood to flow from the higher-pressure aorta to the lower-pressure pulmonary artery, causing a left-to-right shunt?

Answer 53

PDA, or patent ductus arteriosus

Question 54

Infants with tetralogy of Fallot experience this after crying or during feeding

Answer 54

cyanosis

Question 55

pulsus paradoxus

Answer 55

blood pressure in expiration is more than arterial pressure during inspiration (over 10 mmHg)

Question 56

If a client has pulsus paradoxus ands pericardial effusion, what is this called?

Answer 56

caridiac tamponade

Question 57

What causes a friction rub?

Answer 57

Roughened pericardial membranes rub against each other