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BIOL 1410 > Unit 9: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Unit 9: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis of thick skin? (deep to superficial)

A

Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum

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2
Q

What layer is thin skin missing that thick skin has?

A

The Lucidum layer

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3
Q

What are the 2 main layers of skin?

A

Epidermis (superficial)
Dermis (deep)

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4
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis? Is it vascular?

A

The epidermis has a stratified squamous epithelium. It is avascular

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5
Q

What is the stratum basale and what are the 2 cell types?

A

A single row of cells made up of keratinocytes (90%) and melanocytes (10%)

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6
Q

Keratinocytes make up the majority of the basale layer. They actively undergo mitosis, make keratin (tough protein), and get pushed towards the surface as new cells get produced. What are melanocytes?

A

Melanocytes produce a pigment (melanin) for UV light protection. It also affects the colour of skin we have, depending on the shade/amount of melanin produced

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7
Q

At what layer of the epidermis does mitosis stop?

A

Stratum granulosum

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8
Q

What does the stratum granulosum contribute to the epidermis?

A

It contains granules that help produce keratin (strength) and start to produce waterproofing glycolipids (prevents water loss). It is the last layer of living cells

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9
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

20-30 layers of flat, dead cells filled with keratin and surrounded by waterproofing glycolipid

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10
Q

The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles, and arrector pili muscles. What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A

The papillary layer, which is areolar CT that is connected to the epidermis.
The reticular layer, which forms most of the dermis, is made of dense irregular CT, and sits between the papillary layer and hypodermis

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11
Q

What are dermal papillae?

A

Projections into the epidermis by the papillary layer. In thick skin these form epidermal ridges

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12
Q

What are the different types of epidermal derivatives?

A

Hair, nails, skin exocrine glands

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13
Q

What are the 3 parts that make up a hair follicle?

A

The epithelial root sheath
The bulb
The matrix

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14
Q

What things are associated with each hair follicle?

A

Outer CT sheath, hair papilla, root hair plexus, sebaceous (oil) gland, arrector pili muscle (smooth muscle)

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15
Q

What are human nails?

A

Very heavily keratinized epidermal cells consisting of the nail root, body, and free edge

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16
Q

What are the 4 skin exocrine glands?

A

Sebaceous glands
Sudoriferous glands
Ceruminous glands
Mammary glands

17
Q

This gland is mainly connected to hair follicles and secretes sebum (oily) to soften and lubricate hair and skin

A

Sebaceous glands

18
Q

This gland is the primary sweat gland with secretory portions in the dermis of both thick and thin skin

A

Sudoriferous glands

19
Q

This modified sweat gland is in the ear canal and produces ear wax

A

Ceruminous glands

20
Q

What are the 4 major types of cutaneous sense receptors?

A

Touch receptors
Pressure receptors
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors

21
Q

What are the 3 types of touch receptors?

A

Free nerve endings (in epidermis)
Root hair plexuses
Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles (in dermal papillae)

22
Q

What are the 2 types of pressure receptors?

A

Free nerve endings (in dermis)
Lamellar (Pancinian) corpuscles (deep in dermis or hypodermis)

23
Q

What type of cutaneous sense receptors are free nerve endings for pain?

A

Nociceptors

24
Q

What causes albinism?

A

A lack of melanin production by melanocytes

25
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

An autoimmune disorder that causes accelerated mitosis of keratinocytes in the stratum basale, which results in the growth of a thick, scaly area on the surface of the skin

26
Q

True or false: the deepest part of the skin is the hypodermis

A

False. The hypodermis is not considered part of the skin

27
Q

Which layer of skin is responsible for fingerprints?

A

Papillary dermis

BIOL 1410 (14 decks)

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