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BIOL 1410 > Unit 7: Histology > Flashcards

Unit 7: Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is histology?

A

The study of tissues

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2
Q

What type of tissue makes up the lining of an organ cavity?

A

Epithelial

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3
Q

What type of tissue makes up cartilage?

A

Connective

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4
Q

What types of tissue make up cardiac muscles?

A

Muscle

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5
Q

What type of tissue makes up the spinal cord?

A

Nervous

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6
Q

What forms cell junctions?

A

Cell membrane proteins

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7
Q

Which type of junction prevents material from passing between cells?

A

Tight junctions

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8
Q

What “rivets” cells together?

A

Anchoring junctions

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9
Q

Why do gap junctions allow the passage of molecules between cells?

A

It is important for the synchronization of contractions in smooth and cardiac muscles

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10
Q

True or false: Epithelial tissue has some room in between cells in order to allow for the passage of blood vessels

A

False. There are no blood vessels in epithelial tissues (avascular) and there little space between cells

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11
Q

The ________ _________ attaches the epithelium to underlying connective tissues

A

Basement membrane

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12
Q

What is the classification for epithelial tissue with more than 1 layer of cells?

A

Stratified

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13
Q

Name the 3 classifications of cell shapes in the apical layer of epithelial tissue

A

Squamous = flattened
Cuboidal = round or cube shaped
Columnar = rectangular

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14
Q

If a particular area of epithelial tissue consists of columnar cells that appear to be stratified, yet all sit on the basement membrane, how might they be referred?

A

Tissue that appears stratified yet is simple in reality can be called “pseudostratified epithelial” tissue

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15
Q

Transitional epithelia is made of stratified cells which can change shape based on how it stretches. Where can transitional epithelia tissue be found?

A

The inner lining of the urinary system

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16
Q

Glandular epithelium has 2 subtypes. What are they?

A

Exocrine glands and endocrine glands

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17
Q

What type of tissue makes up ductless glands that secrete hormones into the extracellular fluid which then enters the blood plasma?

A

Endocrine glands (e.g. thyroid gland)

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18
Q

Give an example of a unicellular and multicellular gland

A

Unicellular: goblet cells, which can be found in the digestive, urinary, reproductive, and respiratory tracts
Multicellular: sweat, oil, mammary, and digestive glands

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19
Q

What are the 3 main functions of epithelia?

A

Protection, secretion, and allowing selective passage of materials (e.g. nutrients, waste, water)

20
Q

True or false: connective tissue cells are far apart, separated by extracellular matrix.

A

True. The extracellular matrix usually forms the bulk of the tissue and gives connective tissue subtypes their identifying characteristics

21
Q

What do the endings of connective tissue cell types mean?
…blast?
…cyte?
…clast?

A

…blast = creates matrix
…cyte = maintains matrix
…clast = breaks down matrix

22
Q

What may the Extracellular Matrix be composed of?

A

Fibres (proteins): collagen fibres (strength), elastic fibres (stretch), reticular fibres (form networks — CT part of basement membrane, for example)

Ground substance: water (ISF) and large organic molecules (proteins and carbs)

23
Q

Name the 4 classifications of connective tissue

A

CT proper (includes loose and dense CT), cartilage, bone, and blood

24
Q

If a tissue is described as having a “chicken-wire” appearance, what would the tissue be classified as?

A

Adipose CT <~ Loose CT <~ CT Proper

25
Q

True or false: Of the 2 types of Loose CT, areolar CT is avascular and adipose CT is highly vascular.

A

False. Both the areolar and adipose tissues are highly vascular, meaning many blood vessels run through it

26
Q

What is adipose CT more commonly known as and why?

A

Adipose CT is commonly known as “body fat” because it’s cells are large to store triglycerides, giving it the appearance of “chicken-wire”

27
Q

Which classification of connective tissue could be described as having loosely arranged collagen and elastin fibres?

A

Areolar CT <~ Loose CT <~ CT Proper

28
Q

What is the proper name for what is also known as “fibrous connective tissue” and why?

A

Dense connective tissue (part of CT Proper). It is known as fibrous because it has many fibres and is poorly vascular

29
Q

What type of tissue would make up a ligament?

A

Dense regular CT <~ Dense CT <~ CT Proper

30
Q

What is an example of irregular CT and why is it referred to as “irregular”?

A

An example would be the dermis of skin. It is called irregular CT because the collagen fibres are arranged irregularly, as opposed to running in the same direction as seen in regular CT

31
Q

What is a major component of connective tissue which possesses great tensile strength?

A

Collagen fibres

32
Q

What type of cells make up cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes and chondroblasts

33
Q

What are 2 types of CT cells that can be found in a lacuna?

A

A chondrocyte (cartilage) or an osteocyte (bone) are 2 examples of of cells located in lacunae

34
Q

Why does cartilage heal slowly?

A

It is avascular, meaning it has low blood supply

35
Q

What is the most abundant type of cartilage? Provide an example

A

Hyaline cartilage (e.g. costal cartilage of ribs)

36
Q

What type of cartilage makes up the pinna of the ear?

A

Elastic cartilage

37
Q

What type of cartilage is used as a shock absorber? Provide an example

A

Fibrocartilage (e.g. intervertebral disks)

38
Q

Osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts are the cells that make up which kind of connective tissue?

A

Bone CT

39
Q

What is the ground substance of bone CT mostly made of?

A

Inorganic elements such as calcium, and organic components like proteins and carbs which all serve to make the bone rigid

40
Q

True or false: bone CT is very vascular

A

True

41
Q

What is the name for the EC matrix in blood?

A

Plasma

42
Q

What aspect of blood contains soluble fibres, such as fibrinogen?

A

Blood plasma

43
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is NOT striated?

A

Smooth muscle

44
Q

Name the types of nervous cells

A

Neurons and glial cells (which protect neurons)

45
Q

What is the most important aspect of classifying the different subtypes of connective tissues?

A

The composition of the extracellular matrix

BIOL 1410 (20 decks)

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