Unit 9: Globalization Flashcards
1900-present
define globalization
the increasing economic, political, and social interconnectedness of the world
some examples of increasing interconnection
trade routes, imperialism, world wars
communication technologies that fostered globalization: radio
by the 1930s in the US, radios were found in many homes and offered an array of news programs and entertainment
communication technologies that fostered globalization: television
by the 1960s, the television replaced the radio as the dominant form of entertainment for much of the developed world
communication technologies that fostered globalization: cellular
invented in the late 19th century enabled connectivity through the air
communication technologies that fostered globalization: internet
with the rise of personal computers, the 1990s gave us the World Wide Web
transportation technologies that fostered globalization: air travel
due to the massive economic growth Western nations experienced after WWII, more people could afford to fly for work and pleasure = shrinking geographical distance
transportation technologies that fostered globalization: shipping containers
standardized metal boxes that can be stacked uniformly for shipping non-bulk cargo like food, clothing, or raw materials = more efficient transportation AND companies can relocate their manufacturing sectors to peripheral countries
energy technology: petroleum (fossil fuels)
more abundant in developed than developing; more efficient power source than coal and therefore the main power of industrial manufacturing = increasing production to meet demand for consumer goods across the world
energy technology: nuclear power
nuclear atomic bombs in WWII –> scientists harnessing the energy produced by nuclear reactions for civilian use; cleaner than petroleum; BUT nuclear plant accidents = human and environmental damage
medical technology: medical birth control
the birth control pill was developed, which gave more women reliable control over their fertility
effects of birth control
caused women in developed nations to have fewer children, has led to a demographic crisis in some places (declining fertility rates like Japan) BUT in developing are growing rapidly like in Sub-Saharan Africa b/c access to healthcare not prevalent
medical technology: vaccines and antibiotics
fight off diseases that previously would have killed large swaths of humanity = lifespans have increased in countries that have access
agricultural technology: commercial agriculture
goal is to increase production of agricultural products and maximize profits = increase in world’s food supply
agricultural technology: Green Revolution
began in 1950s and 1960s; a development in which scientists applied the methods of genetic modification to food and created new strains of high-yielding grain crops
effects of Green Revolution
as these crops were introduced in places in the developing world like Mexico, India, and Indonesia (with huge populations) can feed more people
spread of disease: Influenza Pandemic of 1918
end of WWI; killed a lot of people; massive impact on demographics around the world; disproportionately affected working age people
access to medical technology
populations of wealthy nations with well developed healthcare systems have far greater access to the various medical interventions that address disease
diseases associate with poverty: malaria
spread by infected mosquitos, typically occurs in large numbers throughout warmer, tropical regions; medical tech and mosquito nets, but still many die each year (mainly sub-Saharan)
other diseases associated with poverty:
