Unit 5

Question 1

Enlightenment philosophies

Question 2

empiricist approach

Question 3

natural rights

Question 4

social contract

Question 5

Nationalism

Question 6

women’s suffrage

Question 7

abolition of slavery

Question 8

end of serfdom

Question 9

feminism

Question 10

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 11

Olympe de Gouge

Question 12

Seneca Falls Conference (1848)

Question 13

liberalism

Question 14

American Revolution

Question 15

Haitian Revolution

Question 16

Latin American independence movements

Question 17

American Declaration of Independence

Question 18

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Question 19

Bolivars “Letter from Jamaica”

Question 20

Propaganda Movement in the Philippines

Question 21

Maori nationalism and the New Zealand wars in New Zealand

Question 22

Puerto Rico writings of Lola Rodriguez de Tió

Question 23

German and Italian unifications

Question 24

Balkan nationalism

Question 25

Ottomanism

Question 26

causes of the Industrial Revolution

Answer 26

proximity to waterways (access to river and canals), geographical distribution of coal, iron, and timber, urbanization, improved agricultural productivity, access to foreign resources, accumulation of capital

Question 27

factory system

Question 28

specialization of labor

Question 29

steam-powered industrial production

Question 30

Decline of Middle Eastern and Asian share in global manufacturing

Answer 30

shipbuilding India and Southeast Asia, iron works in India, and textile production in India and Egypt

Question 31

steam engines

Question 32

internal combustion engine

Question 33

“second industrial revolution”

Answer 33

led to new methods in the production of steel, chemicals, electricity, and precision machinery during the second half of the 19th century

Question 34

exploration, development, and communication made possible in interior regions globally, which leads to increased trade and migration

Answer 34

railroads, steamships, telegraph

Question 35

state-sponsored visions of industrialization

Answer 35

Muhammad Ali’s development of a cotton textile industry in Egypt

Question 36

Meiji Era

Question 37

European countries abandon mercantilism and adopt

Answer 37

free trade policies

Question 38

adopt free trade policies in response to

Answer 38

growing acceptance of Adam Smith’s theories of laissez-faire capitalism and free markets

Question 39

transnational businesses

Answer 39

Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC), Unilever based in England and the Netherlands and operating in British West Africa and the Belgian Congo

Question 40

new financial instruments

Answer 40

stock market, limited-liability corporations (LLCs)

Question 41

the development of industrial capitalism led to

Answer 41

increased standard of living for some, and to continued improvement in manufacturing methods that increased the availability, affordability, and variety of consumer goods

Question 42

labor unions

Answer 42

in industrialized states, many workers organized themselves into labor unions to improve working conditions, limit hours, and gain higher wages

Question 43

Karl Marx

Question 44

socialism

Question 45

communism

Question 46

new social classes

Answer 46

middle class and industrial working class

Question 47

While women and often children in working class families typically held wage-earning jobs to supplement their families’ income,

Answer 47

middle-class women who did not have the same economic demands to satisfy were increasingly limited to roles in the household or roles focused on child development

Question 48

urbanization effects

Answer 48

pollution, poverty, increased crime, public health crises, shortages, and insufficient infrastructure to accommodate urban growth