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Biology 1 Honors > Unit 9 - Evolution > Flashcards

Unit 9 - Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 forms of evolution?

A
  1. Adaptive Radiation
  2. Convergent Evolution
  3. Divergent Evolution
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2
Q
  • multiple species evolve from a common ancestor
  • different beak types adapted for different foods
A

Adaptive Radiation

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3
Q
  • unrelated organisms develop similar structures due to similar environmental pressures
  • sharks, dolphins, and penguins are different species but all have sleek bodies and flippers
A

Convergent Evolution

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4
Q
  • populations isolated from one another develop different traits (may lead to new species)
  • grizzly and polar beats gradually became separate species due to geographic isolation
A

Divergent Evolution

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5
Q

What are the two rates of change?

A

gradualism and punctuated equilibrium

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6
Q
  • proposes that evolution and change occurs due to small, continuous changes over time
A

Gradualism

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7
Q
  • states that change occurs in starts and fits (periods of rapid change followed by stability)
A

Punctuated Equilibrium

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8
Q

What are the four types of evidences?

A

fossil record, anatomy, embryology, molecular biology

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9
Q

What is paleontology?

A

the study of fossils

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10
Q

What is the study of early growth?

A

Embryology

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11
Q

What is the study of external and internal structures of an organism?

A

Anatomy

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12
Q

What is molecular biology?

A

DNA, RNA, Proteins

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13
Q

What is when rock layers on top are younger, and rock layers on the bottom are older?

A

Relative Dating

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14
Q

What is the method using radioactive carbon to find the age of an object?

A

Radiocarbon Dating

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15
Q

What are the three structures?

A

Homologous, analogous, and vestigial

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16
Q
  • body parts that have the same structural organization (tissues) and function in two different species
  • show evidence of a common ancestor
A

Homologous Structure

17
Q
  • body parts that don’t have the same structural organization (tissues) in two different species, but they do have the same function
  • no common ancestor but they typically live in similar environments
A

Analogous Structure

18
Q
  • body parts that have shrunk over time because a species has evolved to not need or use them as much anymore
  • human appendix, human tailbone
A

Vestigial Structure

19
Q

Humans and Chickens have similar bone structures in their arm/wing. This is an example of what anatomical evidence of evolution?

A

Homologous Structures

20
Q

What is it called when an organism is best adapted to its environment, it will survive and reproduce more successfully than other organisms less adapted?

A

Natural Selection

21
Q

What are the three genetic variations?

A
  1. Mutations
  2. Meiosis
  3. Sexual Reproduction
22
Q
  • change in DNA sequence
A

mutations

23
Q
  • makes new combinations of alleles
A

meiosis

24
Q
  • fusion of male and female gametes
A

sexual reproduction

25
Q

What is the total genetic diversity found within a population or a species and changes as mutations occur?

A

Gene pool

26
Q

What is the biological variety + variability on Earth?

A

Biodiversity

27
Q

The more _______________ a population has, the more likely it will survive environmental stress.

A

biodiversity

28
Q
  • first person to propose a hypothesis
  • said acquired traits are passed onto offspring
A

Jean-Baptiste Lamarch

29
Q
  • introduced the Theory of Natural Selection
  • published The Origin of Species
A

Charles Darwin

30
Q

What are the four types of isolation?

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Behavioral
  3. Geographical
  4. Reproductive
31
Q
  • some members of the population mate and reproduce at a different time of in a different season than the rest of the population
A

Temporal Isolation

32
Q
  • some members of the population have different courtship behaviors, mating songs, dances, etc.
A

Behavioral Isolation

33
Q
  • part of a population is separated by a geographical element, like distance, body of water, mountain, or natural disaster
A

Geographical Isolation

34
Q
  • over time, the members of the isolated populations will become so different that they can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring, making new species
A

Reproductive Isolation

35
Q
  • the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution due to natural selection and isolation mechanisms
A

Speciation

36
Q

What is the theory that states that organisms with traits well suited to an environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate compared to others?

A

The Theory of Natural Selection

37
Q

Evolutionary rates are affected by…

A

Environmental pressure, adaptation overtime, and isolation mechanisms

38
Q

What scientist is known as the Father of Taxonomy and developed the binomial nomenclature system of naming organisms?

A

Carl Linnaeus

39
Q

Every organism has a specific name with two parts which includes:

A

1) Genus 2) Species

Biology 1 Honors (9 decks)

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