Unit 9 - Evolution

Question 1

What are the 3 forms of evolution?

Answer 1

1. Adaptive Radiation
2. Convergent Evolution
3. Divergent Evolution

Question 2

• multiple species evolve from a common ancestor
• different beak types adapted for different foods

Answer 2

Adaptive Radiation

Question 3

• unrelated organisms develop similar structures due to similar environmental pressures
• sharks, dolphins, and penguins are different species but all have sleek bodies and flippers

Answer 3

Convergent Evolution

Question 4

• populations isolated from one another develop different traits (may lead to new species)
• grizzly and polar beats gradually became separate species due to geographic isolation

Answer 4

Divergent Evolution

Question 5

What are the two rates of change?

Answer 5

gradualism and punctuated equilibrium

Question 6

• proposes that evolution and change occurs due to small, continuous changes over time

Answer 6

Gradualism

Question 7

• states that change occurs in starts and fits (periods of rapid change followed by stability)

Answer 7

Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 8

What are the four types of evidences?

Answer 8

fossil record, anatomy, embryology, molecular biology

Question 9

What is paleontology?

Answer 9

the study of fossils

Question 10

What is the study of early growth?

Answer 10

Embryology

Question 11

What is the study of external and internal structures of an organism?

Answer 11

Anatomy

Question 12

What is molecular biology?

Answer 12

DNA, RNA, Proteins

Question 13

What is when rock layers on top are younger, and rock layers on the bottom are older?

Answer 13

Relative Dating

Question 14

What is the method using radioactive carbon to find the age of an object?

Answer 14

Radiocarbon Dating

Question 15

What are the three structures?

Answer 15

Homologous, analogous, and vestigial

Question 16

• body parts that have the same structural organization (tissues) and function in two different species
• show evidence of a common ancestor

Answer 16

Homologous Structure

Question 17

• body parts that don’t have the same structural organization (tissues) in two different species, but they do have the same function
• no common ancestor but they typically live in similar environments

Answer 17

Analogous Structure

Question 18

• body parts that have shrunk over time because a species has evolved to not need or use them as much anymore
• human appendix, human tailbone

Answer 18

Vestigial Structure

Question 19

Humans and Chickens have similar bone structures in their arm/wing. This is an example of what anatomical evidence of evolution?

Answer 19

Homologous Structures

Question 20

What is it called when an organism is best adapted to its environment, it will survive and reproduce more successfully than other organisms less adapted?

Answer 20

Natural Selection

Question 21

What are the three genetic variations?

Answer 21

1. Mutations
2. Meiosis
3. Sexual Reproduction

Question 22

• change in DNA sequence

Answer 22

mutations

Question 23

• makes new combinations of alleles

Answer 23

meiosis

Question 24

• fusion of male and female gametes

Answer 24

sexual reproduction

Question 25

What is the total genetic diversity found within a population or a species and changes as mutations occur?

Answer 25

Gene pool

Question 26

What is the biological variety + variability on Earth?

Answer 26

Biodiversity

Question 27

The more _______________ a population has, the more likely it will survive environmental stress.

Answer 27

biodiversity

Question 28

- first person to propose a hypothesis - said acquired traits are passed onto offspring

Answer 28

Jean-Baptiste Lamarch

Question 29

- introduced the Theory of Natural Selection - published The Origin of Species

Answer 29

Charles Darwin

Question 30

What are the four types of isolation?

Answer 30

1. Temporal 2. Behavioral 3. Geographical 4. Reproductive

Question 31

- some members of the population mate and reproduce at a different time of in a different season than the rest of the population

Answer 31

Temporal Isolation

Question 32

- some members of the population have different courtship behaviors, mating songs, dances, etc.

Answer 32

Behavioral Isolation

Question 33

- part of a population is separated by a geographical element, like distance, body of water, mountain, or natural disaster

Answer 33

Geographical Isolation

Question 34

- over time, the members of the isolated populations will become so different that they can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring, making new species

Answer 34

Reproductive Isolation

Question 35

- the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution due to natural selection and isolation mechanisms

Answer 35

Speciation

Question 36

What is the theory that states that organisms with traits well suited to an environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate compared to others?

Answer 36

The Theory of Natural Selection

Question 37

Evolutionary rates are affected by...

Answer 37

Environmental pressure, adaptation overtime, and isolation mechanisms

Question 38

What scientist is known as the Father of Taxonomy and developed the binomial nomenclature system of naming organisms?

Answer 38

Carl Linnaeus

Question 39

Every organism has a specific name with two parts which includes:

Answer 39

1) Genus 2) Species