Unit 10 - Ecology

Question 1

What is the study of organisms and their interactions with the environment?

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

What is a group of interbreeding organisms that live in the same place at the same time and compete with each other for resources?

Answer 2

Population

Question 3

Population Growth refers to how…

Answer 3

something is controlled or limited

Question 4

What is anything that will affect a population’s density?

Answer 4

Limiting factors

Question 5

What are the two types of limiting factors?

Answer 5

Density-dependent factors and density-independent factors

Question 6

Factors of…
Competition, disease, predation, parasitism

Answer 6

Density-Dependent Factors

Question 7

What is a specific example of Density-Dependent factors?

Answer 7

Diseases spread more quickly in NYC compared to RVA

Question 8

What factor…
limits a population only when it reaches a certain density

Answer 8

density-dependent factors

Question 9

Which factor…
limits a population regardless of its density

Answer 9

density-independent factors

Question 10

What factor…
natural disaster, unusual weather, human impacts

Answer 10

density-independent factors

Question 11

Specific example of density-independent factors

Answer 11

hurricane Katrina destroyed many populations

Question 12

Which population growth curve…
- occurs when the rate of growth in each new gen is a multiple of the previous gen

Answer 12

Exponential Growth

Question 13

Which population growth curve…
- exponential growth slows or stops at the population carrying capacity

Answer 13

Logistic Growth

Question 14

Which population growth curve…
- show how prey and predators can affect one another

Answer 14

Predation Curve

Question 15

Which population growth curve…
- number of individuals in a population that can be expected to survive at any specific age

Answer 15

Survival Curve

Question 16

What are the 5 types of Population Interaction?

Answer 16

Predation, Competition, Commensalism, Mutualism, and Parasitism

Question 17

(,) - Predation

Answer 17

(+,-)

Question 18

(,) - Competiton

Answer 18

(-,-)

Question 19

(,) - Commensalism

Answer 19

(+,0)

Question 20

(,) - Mutualism

Answer 20

(+,+)

Question 21

(,) - Parasitism

Answer 21

(+,-)

Question 22

Population Interaction - the predator survives by eating and killing prey

Answer 22

Predation

Question 23

Population Interaction - when organisms compete for resources to live

Answer 23

Competition

Question 24

Population Interaction - one party benefits while the other is not affects

Answer 24

Commensalism

Question 25

Population Interaction - two or more species benefit from one another

Answer 25

Mutualism

Question 26

Population Interaction - the parasite benefits while the host is harmed

Answer 26

Parasitism

Question 27

What is Symbiotic Relationship?

Answer 27

2 organisms live and interact closely together

Question 28

What 3 population interactions are in the symbiotic relationship?

Answer 28

Commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism

Question 29

Example of predation

Answer 29

Fox (+) eating rabbits (-)

Question 30

Example of competition

Answer 30

Tiger vs lion compete for the same prey

Question 31

Example of commensalism

Answer 31

Birds (+) making a nest in a tree (0)

Question 32

Example of mutualism

Answer 32

Bacteria acid and humans

Question 33

Example of parasitism

Answer 33

Mosquito (+) sucking human blood (-)

Question 34

Level of Organism - least to greatest

Answer 34

Species, population, community, ecosystem

Question 35

Level of Organism - one type of organism

Answer 35

Species

Question 36

Level of Organism - group of organisms that belong to the same species

Answer 36

Population

Question 37

Level of Organism - all living populations interacting in one area

Answer 37

Community

Question 38

Level of Organism - all biotic and abiotic factors in one area

Answer 38

Ecosystem

Question 39

What is the ultimate source of energy?

Answer 39

The Sun

Question 40

Energy can be acquired through...

Answer 40

photosynthesis and consumption

Question 41

Autotrophs are also know as...

Answer 41

producers

Question 42

What type of energy do photoautotrophs capture?

Answer 42

light energy

Question 43

What type of energy do chemoautotrophs capture?

Answer 43

chemical energy

Question 44

Heterotrophs are also know as...

Answer 44

consumer/decomposer

Question 45

What are the 6 types of Heterotrophs?

Answer 45

Detritivores, decomposers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, scavengers

Question 46

Type of Heterotroph - consume decomposing organic matters

Answer 46

Detritivores

Question 47

Example of a detritivore

Answer 47

earthworm

Question 48

Type of Heterotroph - organisms that break down

Answer 48

decomposers

Question 49

Example of a decomposer

Answer 49

fungi

Question 50

Type of Heterotroph - organisms that only eat plants

Answer 50

herbivores

Question 51

Example of a herbivore

Answer 51

cows

Question 52

Type of Heterotroph - organisms that only eat animals

Answer 52

carnivore

Question 53

Example of a carnivore

Answer 53

tigers

Question 54

Type of Heterotroph - organisms that eat both animals and plants

Answer 54

omnivores

Question 55

Example of an omnivore

Answer 55

humans

Question 56

Type of Heterotroph - consumes large quantities of dead organisms

Answer 56

scavengers

Question 57

Example of a scavenger

Answer 57

vultures

Question 58

What is a linear representation showing transfer or energy from producers to final consumers?

Answer 58

food chain

Question 59

Each link in the food chain represents a...

Answer 59

trophic level

Question 60

Trophic levels in order from least to greatest (in a food chain)

Answer 60

Energy --> producers --> primary consumer --> secondary consumer --> tertiary consumer

Question 61

What is the interconnection of several food chains, what-eat-what

Answer 61

food web

Question 62

What are keystone species?

Answer 62

helps hold the entire system together

Question 63

What is biomass?

Answer 63

the amount of living tissue in each trophic level

Question 64

What is the 10% rule?

Answer 64

Each trophic level only receives 10% of the energy from the previous level

Question 65

What is the change in the number and type of species in communities?

Answer 65

Ecological succession

Question 66

Which succession... - occurs in areas that have never before been "colonized" and is covered in bare rock

Answer 66

Primary succession

Question 67

Which succession... - occurs in areas that were inhabited by organisms that were disturbed

Answer 67

Secondary succession

Question 68

Why is carbon important for the environment?

Answer 68

It is the most common element found in organisms

Question 69

How does carbon get "recycled"?

Answer 69

Cellular respiration (out) v photosynthesis (in)

Question 70

What are the three steps in the water cycle?

Answer 70

evaporation, condensation, precipitation

Question 71

What is it called when water evaporates from plants?

Answer 71

transpiration

Question 72

primary succession

Question 73

pioneer species

Question 74

abiotic factors

Question 75

secondary succession

Question 76

climax community