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Biology 1 Honors > Unit 10 - Ecology > Flashcards

Unit 10 - Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the study of organisms and their interactions with the environment?

A

Ecology

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2
Q

What is a group of interbreeding organisms that live in the same place at the same time and compete with each other for resources?

A

Population

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3
Q

Population Growth refers to how…

A

something is controlled or limited

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4
Q

What is anything that will affect a population’s density?

A

Limiting factors

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5
Q

What are the two types of limiting factors?

A

Density-dependent factors and density-independent factors

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6
Q

Factors of…
Competition, disease, predation, parasitism

A

Density-Dependent Factors

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7
Q

What is a specific example of Density-Dependent factors?

A

Diseases spread more quickly in NYC compared to RVA

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8
Q

What factor…
limits a population only when it reaches a certain density

A

density-dependent factors

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9
Q

Which factor…
limits a population regardless of its density

A

density-independent factors

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10
Q

What factor…
natural disaster, unusual weather, human impacts

A

density-independent factors

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11
Q

Specific example of density-independent factors

A

hurricane Katrina destroyed many populations

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12
Q

Which population growth curve…
- occurs when the rate of growth in each new gen is a multiple of the previous gen

A

Exponential Growth

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13
Q

Which population growth curve…
- exponential growth slows or stops at the population carrying capacity

A

Logistic Growth

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14
Q

Which population growth curve…
- show how prey and predators can affect one another

A

Predation Curve

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15
Q

Which population growth curve…
- number of individuals in a population that can be expected to survive at any specific age

A

Survival Curve

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16
Q

What are the 5 types of Population Interaction?

A

Predation, Competition, Commensalism, Mutualism, and Parasitism

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17
Q

(,) - Predation

A

(+,-)

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18
Q

(,) - Competiton

A

(-,-)

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19
Q

(,) - Commensalism

A

(+,0)

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20
Q

(,) - Mutualism

A

(+,+)

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21
Q

(,) - Parasitism

A

(+,-)

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22
Q

Population Interaction - the predator survives by eating and killing prey

A

Predation

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23
Q

Population Interaction - when organisms compete for resources to live

A

Competition

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24
Q

Population Interaction - one party benefits while the other is not affects

A

Commensalism

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25
Q

Population Interaction - two or more species benefit from one another

A

Mutualism

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26
Q

Population Interaction - the parasite benefits while the host is harmed

A

Parasitism

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27
Q

What is Symbiotic Relationship?

A

2 organisms live and interact closely together

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28
Q

What 3 population interactions are in the symbiotic relationship?

A

Commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism

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29
Q

Example of predation

A

Fox (+) eating rabbits (-)

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30
Q

Example of competition

A

Tiger vs lion compete for the same prey

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31
Q

Example of commensalism

A

Birds (+) making a nest in a tree (0)

32
Q

Example of mutualism

A

Bacteria acid and humans

33
Q

Example of parasitism

A

Mosquito (+) sucking human blood (-)

34
Q

Level of Organism - least to greatest

A

Species, population, community, ecosystem

35
Q

Level of Organism - one type of organism

A

Species

36
Q

Level of Organism - group of organisms that belong to the same species

A

Population

37
Q

Level of Organism - all living populations interacting in one area

A

Community

38
Q

Level of Organism - all biotic and abiotic factors in one area

A

Ecosystem

39
Q

What is the ultimate source of energy?

A

The Sun

40
Q

Energy can be acquired through…

A

photosynthesis and consumption

41
Q

Autotrophs are also know as…

A

producers

42
Q

What type of energy do photoautotrophs capture?

A

light energy

43
Q

What type of energy do chemoautotrophs capture?

A

chemical energy

44
Q

Heterotrophs are also know as…

A

consumer/decomposer

45
Q

What are the 6 types of Heterotrophs?

A

Detritivores, decomposers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, scavengers

46
Q

Type of Heterotroph - consume decomposing organic matters

A

Detritivores

47
Q

Example of a detritivore

A

earthworm

48
Q

Type of Heterotroph - organisms that break down

A

decomposers

49
Q

Example of a decomposer

A

fungi

50
Q

Type of Heterotroph - organisms that only eat plants

A

herbivores

51
Q

Example of a herbivore

A

cows

52
Q

Type of Heterotroph - organisms that only eat animals

A

carnivore

53
Q

Example of a carnivore

A

tigers

54
Q

Type of Heterotroph - organisms that eat both animals and plants

A

omnivores

55
Q

Example of an omnivore

A

humans

56
Q

Type of Heterotroph - consumes large quantities of dead organisms

A

scavengers

57
Q

Example of a scavenger

A

vultures

58
Q

What is a linear representation showing transfer or energy from producers to final consumers?

A

food chain

59
Q

Each link in the food chain represents a…

A

trophic level

60
Q

Trophic levels in order from least to greatest (in a food chain)

A

Energy –> producers –> primary consumer –> secondary consumer –> tertiary consumer

61
Q

What is the interconnection of several food chains, what-eat-what

A

food web

62
Q

What are keystone species?

A

helps hold the entire system together

63
Q

What is biomass?

A

the amount of living tissue in each trophic level

64
Q

What is the 10% rule?

A

Each trophic level only receives 10% of the energy from the previous level

65
Q

What is the change in the number and type of species in communities?

A

Ecological succession

66
Q

Which succession…
- occurs in areas that have never before been “colonized” and is covered in bare rock

A

Primary succession

67
Q

Which succession…
- occurs in areas that were inhabited by organisms that were disturbed

A

Secondary succession

68
Q

Why is carbon important for the environment?

A

It is the most common element found in organisms

69
Q

How does carbon get “recycled”?

A

Cellular respiration (out) v photosynthesis (in)

70
Q

What are the three steps in the water cycle?

A

evaporation, condensation, precipitation

71
Q

What is it called when water evaporates from plants?

A

transpiration

72
Q

primary succession

A
73
Q

pioneer species

A
74
Q

abiotic factors

A
75
Q

secondary succession

A
76
Q

climax community

A

Biology 1 Honors (9 decks)

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