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Biology 1 Honors > Unit 5 - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Unit 5 - Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What refers to all interactions between molecules within the well-ordered environment of the cell?

A

metabolism

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2
Q

What are two important metabolic activities within living cells important in the transfer and transformation of energy for life processes?

A

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

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3
Q

What is the Law of Conservation?

A

energy can neither be created nor destroyed

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4
Q

What happens in the mitochondria?

A

cellular respiration

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5
Q

What process uses sunlight to combine water and carbon dioxide and then releases oxygen into the air?

A

photosynthesis

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6
Q

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide and water

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7
Q

Photosynthesis - after the reaction with sunlight, what is stored for the plant’s food and energy?

A

glucose

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8
Q

What process is this?
CO2 + H2O –> C6H12O6 + O2

A

photosynthesis

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9
Q

What are the chemicals that a chemical reaction begins with and are located on the left side of the arrow?

A

reactants

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10
Q

What are the chemicals that are left after a chemical reaction and are located on the right side of the arrow?

A

products

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11
Q

Chloroplast is found in…

A

eukaryotic autotrophs (plants and algae)

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12
Q

What organelle helps capture and absorb sunlight?

A

chlorophyll

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13
Q

What provides energy needed to help photosynthesis occur?

A

light (photons)

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14
Q

What provides hydrogen needed to help make glucose?

A

water

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15
Q

What provides the carbon and oxygen needed to help make glucose?

A

carbon dioxide

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16
Q

Water is absorbed through roots and is delivered to the rest of the cell through…

A

xylem

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17
Q

In a leaf, what is absorbed?

A

carbon dioxide

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18
Q

In a leaf, what is released?

A

oxygen

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19
Q

In a leaf, oxygen is released through pores in the leaves called…

A

stomata

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20
Q

The stomata is opened and closed by cells called…

A

guard cells

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21
Q

Where does the light-dependent reaction occur?

A

thylakoid

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22
Q

Where does the light-independent reaction occur (Calvin Cycle)?

A

stroma

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23
Q

What is a granum/grana?

A

a stack of thylakoids

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24
Q

What are green disks that contain chlorophyll?

A

thylakoid

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25
Q

What two reactions occur inside the chloroplast?

A

light dependent reaction and light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)

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26
Q

Reaction - light energy and hydrogen is transferred to the energy carriers ATP and NADPH

A

light dependent reaction

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27
Q

Reaction - uses CO2 and hydrogen from NADPH to make glucose

A

light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)

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28
Q

What are the reactants of the light reaction?

A

light and water

29
Q

What are the reactants of the Calvin Cycle?

A

carbon dioxide and NADPH

30
Q

What are the products of the light reaction?

A

ATP and NADPH

31
Q

What are the products of the Calvin Cycle?

A

sugar and NDP+

32
Q

What is the main source of energy?

A

the sun

33
Q

What is the process living cells use to convert glucose into energy?

A

cellular respiration

34
Q

In order for cellular respiration to occur, what two things must enter the organism?

A

oxygen and glucose

35
Q

What are the waste products of cellular respiration and released into the air?

A

carbon dioxide and water

36
Q

What process?
6O2 + C6H12O6 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

A

cellular respiration

37
Q

What helps catalyze/speed up the respiration process?

A

enzymes

38
Q

What folds along the inner membrane that are the site of the Electron Transport Chain?

A

cristae

39
Q

What is liquid filling where the Kreb’s Cycle occurs?

A

matrix

40
Q

What is step 1, 2, and 3 of the process of cellular respiration from glucose to ATP?

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Kreb’s Cycle (matrix) - ATP + CO2
  3. ETC (Cristae) - ATP + H2O
41
Q

Where does anaerobic respiration occur?

A

cytoplasm

42
Q

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

A

cytoplasm and mitochondria in eukaryotic cells

43
Q

Which respiration requires no oxygen?

A

anaerobic respiration

44
Q

Which respiration requires oxygen to make ATP?

A

aerobic respiration

45
Q

In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into…

A

2 pyruvic acid

46
Q

In Kreb’s Cycle, what is the total number of ATP created?

A

2

47
Q

In the Electron Transport Chain, what is the total ATP created?

A

34

48
Q

What are the waste products of alcoholic fermentation?

A

carbon dioxide and alcohol

49
Q

What is the waste product in lactic acid fermentation?

A

lactic acid

50
Q

What colors does chlorophyll absorb best?

A

red and blue

51
Q

What goes IN?
Light dependent

A

light + H2O

52
Q

What comes OUT?
Light dependent

A

ATP + NADPH

53
Q

What goes IN?
Light independent (Calvin Cycle)

A

CO2 + NADPH

54
Q

What comes OUT?
Light independent (Calvin Cycle)

A

sugar + NDP+

55
Q

What does the oxygen bond with hydrogen (from glucose) form?

A

water

56
Q

What is the energy change for photosynthesis?

A

solar light (sun) to chemical (glucose)

57
Q

What steps are involved in photosynthesis?

A

light dependent and light independent

58
Q

When does photosynthesis occur?

A

day time

59
Q

Who performs photosynthesis?

A

plants and algae (with chloroplast and chlorophyll)

60
Q

What is the waste product of photosynthesis?

A

oxygen

61
Q

What is the energy change of cellular respiration?

A

chemical (glucose) to chemical (ATP)

62
Q

What steps are involved in cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

63
Q

When does cellular respiration occur?

A

all the time

64
Q

Who performs cellular respiration?

A

all living organisms

65
Q

What is the waste product for cellular respiration?

A

carbon dioxide and water

66
Q

What happens during the Kreb’s Cycle?

A

pyruvate is converted into carbon dioxide

67
Q

Which part of cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm?

A

anaerobic respiration

68
Q

Where is the ETC located?

A

mitochondria

69
Q

What is NADPH?

A

electron carriers

Biology 1 Honors (9 decks)

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