Unit 7 - DNA

Question 1

What two people used bacteriophage viruses with radioactive markers to show that DNA was the Genetic Code?

Answer 1

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Question 2

DNA cannot leave the…

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

amino acid (top of tRNA) =

Answer 3

anticodon (bottom of tRNA)

Question 4

What is the DNA sequence in order?

Answer 4

1. DNA
2. mRNA
3. tRNA
4. AA

Question 5

Who was the first scientist prove base pairing in DNA?

Answer 5

Erwin Chargaff

Question 6

Who studied the structure of DNA using X-ray Diffraction?

Answer 6

Rosalind Franklin

Question 7

What two scientists developed the double helix model of DNA?

Answer 7

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 8

Phosphate - where is it located?

Answer 8

Outermost part of the DNA

Question 9

What bonds the nitrogen bases together?

Answer 9

hydrogen bond

Question 10

What is the shape of DNA called?

Answer 10

double helix

Question 11

Where is DNA found?

Answer 11

the nucleus

Question 12

Which nucleotide part(s) make up the outside of the DNA ladder?

Answer 12

deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

Question 13

Which nucleotide part(s) make up the rungs of the DNA ladder?

Answer 13

Nitrogenous bases

Question 14

DNA is antiparallel because __________.

Answer 14

the sides run in opposite directions

Question 15

DNA replication in order

Answer 15

1. Unwinding
2. Base pairing
3. Joining

Question 16

What happens when the DNA unwinds/unzips during DNA replication?

Answer 16

DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between 2 parent strands of DNA

Question 17

What happens during base pairing in DNA replication?

Answer 17

DNA polymerase reads the template to add new nucleotide to the daughter strand

Question 18

What happens when the DNA joins in the DNA replication?

Answer 18

DNA ligase joins new nucleotide together and 2 DNA molecules are made

Question 19

Why is DNA replication a semi-conservative process?

Answer 19

In the end, every new DNA double helix would consist of one OLD DNA strand and one NEW DNA strand

Question 20

What is the name of the sugar in DNA (double helix)?

Answer 20

deoxyribose

Question 21

What are the nitrogen bases present in DNA?

Answer 21

A, T, G, C

Question 22

What stores genetic information?

Answer 22

DNA

Question 23

Is mRNA a codon or anticodon?

Answer 23

codon

Question 24

Is tRNA codon or anticodon?

Answer 24

anticodon

Question 25

What is the name of the sugar in mRNA (single helix)?

Answer 25

ribose

Question 26

What are the nitrogen bases present in mRNA?

Answer 26

A, U, G, C

Question 27

What carries copies of DNA genetic info from the nucleus to the ribosome?

Answer 27

mRNA

Question 28

What sugar is in tRNA?

Answer 28

ribose

Question 29

What nitrogen bases are in tRNA?

Answer 29

A, U, G, C

Question 30

What transfers amino acids in the cytoplasm to the ribosome?

Answer 30

tRNA

Question 31

How many bases do we need in a codon?

Answer 31

3

Question 32

Which mRNA codon will start the process of translation?

Answer 32

AUG

Question 33

Which amino acid does every protein begin with?

Answer 33

Met

Question 34

The process of making mRNA from DNA is ______________.

Answer 34

transcription

Question 35

The process from mRNA to protein is _________________.

Answer 35

translation

Question 36

How does the ribosome know the sequence of amino acids to build?

Answer 36

by reading the mRNA codon to gather the corresponding tRNA anticodon and amino acid

Question 37

What is a codon?

Answer 37

3 nucleotides (mRNA)

Question 38

What is an anticodon?

Answer 38

3 nucleotides (tRNA) bind to mRNA

Question 39

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 39

nucleus

Question 40

Where does translation take place?

Answer 40

cytoplasm/ribosome

Question 41

What point mutation? - no change to the amino acid

Answer 41

silent mutation

Question 42

What point mutation? - mutated codon code for a different amino acid

Answer 42

missense

Question 43

What point mutation? - mutated codon is a premature STOP codon (usually serious)

Answer 43

nonsense

Question 44

What are the two types of frameshift mutations?

Answer 44

insertion and deletion

Question 45

What type of gene mutation affects protein synthesis more? (point or frameshift)

Answer 45

frameshift - affects all the codons that occur after the mutation