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Biology 1 Honors > Unit 7 - DNA > Flashcards

Unit 7 - DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What two people used bacteriophage viruses with radioactive markers to show that DNA was the Genetic Code?

A

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

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2
Q

DNA cannot leave the…

A

nucleus

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3
Q

amino acid (top of tRNA) =

A

anticodon (bottom of tRNA)

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4
Q

What is the DNA sequence in order?

A
  1. DNA
  2. mRNA
  3. tRNA
  4. AA
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5
Q

Who was the first scientist prove base pairing in DNA?

A

Erwin Chargaff

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6
Q

Who studied the structure of DNA using X-ray Diffraction?

A

Rosalind Franklin

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7
Q

What two scientists developed the double helix model of DNA?

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

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8
Q

Phosphate - where is it located?

A

Outermost part of the DNA

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9
Q

What bonds the nitrogen bases together?

A

hydrogen bond

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10
Q

What is the shape of DNA called?

A

double helix

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11
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

the nucleus

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12
Q

Which nucleotide part(s) make up the outside of the DNA ladder?

A

deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

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13
Q

Which nucleotide part(s) make up the rungs of the DNA ladder?

A

Nitrogenous bases

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14
Q

DNA is antiparallel because __________.

A

the sides run in opposite directions

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15
Q

DNA replication in order

A
  1. Unwinding
  2. Base pairing
  3. Joining
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16
Q

What happens when the DNA unwinds/unzips during DNA replication?

A

DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between 2 parent strands of DNA

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17
Q

What happens during base pairing in DNA replication?

A

DNA polymerase reads the template to add new nucleotide to the daughter strand

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18
Q

What happens when the DNA joins in the DNA replication?

A

DNA ligase joins new nucleotide together and 2 DNA molecules are made

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19
Q

Why is DNA replication a semi-conservative process?

A

In the end, every new DNA double helix would consist of one OLD DNA strand and one NEW DNA strand

20
Q

What is the name of the sugar in DNA (double helix)?

A

deoxyribose

21
Q

What are the nitrogen bases present in DNA?

A

A, T, G, C

22
Q

What stores genetic information?

A

DNA

23
Q

Is mRNA a codon or anticodon?

A

codon

24
Q

Is tRNA codon or anticodon?

A

anticodon

25
Q

What is the name of the sugar in mRNA (single helix)?

A

ribose

26
Q

What are the nitrogen bases present in mRNA?

A

A, U, G, C

27
Q

What carries copies of DNA genetic info from the nucleus to the ribosome?

A

mRNA

28
Q

What sugar is in tRNA?

A

ribose

29
Q

What nitrogen bases are in tRNA?

A

A, U, G, C

30
Q

What transfers amino acids in the cytoplasm to the ribosome?

A

tRNA

31
Q

How many bases do we need in a codon?

A

3

32
Q

Which mRNA codon will start the process of translation?

A

AUG

33
Q

Which amino acid does every protein begin with?

A

Met

34
Q

The process of making mRNA from DNA is ______________.

A

transcription

35
Q

The process from mRNA to protein is _________________.

A

translation

36
Q

How does the ribosome know the sequence of amino acids to build?

A

by reading the mRNA codon to gather the corresponding tRNA anticodon and amino acid

37
Q

What is a codon?

A

3 nucleotides (mRNA)

38
Q

What is an anticodon?

A

3 nucleotides (tRNA) bind to mRNA

39
Q

Where does transcription take place?

A

nucleus

40
Q

Where does translation take place?

A

cytoplasm/ribosome

41
Q

What point mutation?
- no change to the amino acid

A

silent mutation

42
Q

What point mutation?
- mutated codon code for a different amino acid

A

missense

43
Q

What point mutation?
- mutated codon is a premature STOP codon (usually serious)

A

nonsense

44
Q

What are the two types of frameshift mutations?

A

insertion and deletion

45
Q

What type of gene mutation affects protein synthesis more? (point or frameshift)

A

frameshift - affects all the codons that occur after the mutation

Biology 1 Honors (9 decks)

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