Unit 8 - Genetics Flashcards
What is the passing on of traits from one generation to the next?
heredity
How many chromosomes do somatic cells have?
46
Does diploid or haploid have a full set of chromosomes?
diploid
The eggs and the sperm are considered to be…
gametes (sex cells)
How many chromosomes do gametes have?
23
Are gametes haploid or diploid?
haploid
Who is the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What contains information for protein synthesis and is a “genetic code”?
DNA
What are segments of DNA that code for specific traits?
gene
What is an alternative version of a gene (for a specific trait)?
allele
Physical or behavioral characteristics that are determined by DNA
traits
What traits are encoded on DNA and determined before birth?
inherited traits
What traits are learned/received after birth?
acquired traits
represents the DNA that gives a trait (2 alleles) using letters (HH, Hh, hh)
genotype
the physical or behavioral trait seen in the organism expressed with descriptive words
phenotype
version of gene (allele) that will appear in phenotype if present (capital letters)
dominant allele
version of gene (allele) that will only appear in the phenotype if both alleles are recessive (lowercase letters)
recessive allele
What type of cell does fertilization produce?
zygote
In Meiosis I, what does it produce?
2 haploid cells, reduces chromosomes in half
In Meiosis II, what does it produce?
4 haploid cells
When does crossing over occur?
Prophase I
In what phase do the homologous chromosomes line up in random order (Independent Assortment)
Metaphase I
What does Meiosis result in?
genetically different sex cells
Gametes (haploid) are produced in…
meiosis
