Unit 8 - Genetics

Question 1

What is the passing on of traits from one generation to the next?

Answer 1

heredity

Question 2

How many chromosomes do somatic cells have?

Answer 2

46

Question 3

Does diploid or haploid have a full set of chromosomes?

Answer 3

diploid

Question 4

The eggs and the sperm are considered to be…

Answer 4

gametes (sex cells)

Question 5

How many chromosomes do gametes have?

Answer 5

23

Question 6

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

Answer 6

haploid

Question 7

Who is the father of genetics?

Answer 7

Gregor Mendel

Question 8

What contains information for protein synthesis and is a “genetic code”?

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

What are segments of DNA that code for specific traits?

Answer 9

gene

Question 10

What is an alternative version of a gene (for a specific trait)?

Answer 10

allele

Question 11

Physical or behavioral characteristics that are determined by DNA

Answer 11

traits

Question 12

What traits are encoded on DNA and determined before birth?

Answer 12

inherited traits

Question 13

What traits are learned/received after birth?

Answer 13

acquired traits

Question 14

represents the DNA that gives a trait (2 alleles) using letters (HH, Hh, hh)

Answer 14

genotype

Question 15

the physical or behavioral trait seen in the organism expressed with descriptive words

Answer 15

phenotype

Question 16

version of gene (allele) that will appear in phenotype if present (capital letters)

Answer 16

dominant allele

Question 17

version of gene (allele) that will only appear in the phenotype if both alleles are recessive (lowercase letters)

Answer 17

recessive allele

Question 18

What type of cell does fertilization produce?

Answer 18

zygote

Question 19

In Meiosis I, what does it produce?

Answer 19

2 haploid cells, reduces chromosomes in half

Question 20

In Meiosis II, what does it produce?

Answer 20

4 haploid cells

Question 21

When does crossing over occur?

Answer 21

Prophase I

Question 22

In what phase do the homologous chromosomes line up in random order (Independent Assortment)

Answer 22

Metaphase I

Question 23

What does Meiosis result in?

Answer 23

genetically different sex cells

Question 24

Gametes (haploid) are produced in…

Answer 24

meiosis

Question 25

Somatic cells (diploid) are produced in…

Answer 25

mitosis

Question 26

In Mendel’s experiments, what did he work with?

Answer 26

flower color

Question 27

Females who are heterozygous are considered…

Answer 27

carriers