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Biology 1 Honors > Unit 8 - Genetics > Flashcards

Unit 8 - Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the passing on of traits from one generation to the next?

A

heredity

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2
Q

How many chromosomes do somatic cells have?

A

46

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3
Q

Does diploid or haploid have a full set of chromosomes?

A

diploid

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4
Q

The eggs and the sperm are considered to be…

A

gametes (sex cells)

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5
Q

How many chromosomes do gametes have?

A

23

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6
Q

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

A

haploid

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7
Q

Who is the father of genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

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8
Q

What contains information for protein synthesis and is a “genetic code”?

A

DNA

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9
Q

What are segments of DNA that code for specific traits?

A

gene

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10
Q

What is an alternative version of a gene (for a specific trait)?

A

allele

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11
Q

Physical or behavioral characteristics that are determined by DNA

A

traits

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12
Q

What traits are encoded on DNA and determined before birth?

A

inherited traits

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13
Q

What traits are learned/received after birth?

A

acquired traits

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14
Q

represents the DNA that gives a trait (2 alleles) using letters (HH, Hh, hh)

A

genotype

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15
Q

the physical or behavioral trait seen in the organism expressed with descriptive words

A

phenotype

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16
Q

version of gene (allele) that will appear in phenotype if present (capital letters)

A

dominant allele

17
Q

version of gene (allele) that will only appear in the phenotype if both alleles are recessive (lowercase letters)

A

recessive allele

18
Q

What type of cell does fertilization produce?

A

zygote

19
Q

In Meiosis I, what does it produce?

A

2 haploid cells, reduces chromosomes in half

20
Q

In Meiosis II, what does it produce?

A

4 haploid cells

21
Q

When does crossing over occur?

A

Prophase I

22
Q

In what phase do the homologous chromosomes line up in random order (Independent Assortment)

A

Metaphase I

23
Q

What does Meiosis result in?

A

genetically different sex cells

24
Q

Gametes (haploid) are produced in…

A

meiosis

25
Q

Somatic cells (diploid) are produced in…

A

mitosis

26
Q

In Mendel’s experiments, what did he work with?

A

flower color

27
Q

Females who are heterozygous are considered…

A

carriers

Biology 1 Honors (9 decks)

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