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Medical Terminology > Unit 9 - Cardiovascular System (Cardiology) > Flashcards

Unit 9 - Cardiovascular System (Cardiology) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

valvul-

A

valve

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2
Q

atri-

A

atrium (upper chamber)

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3
Q

sept-

A

septum (plural: septa)

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4
Q

ventricul-

A

ventricle (lower chamber)

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5
Q

cardi-/coron-

A

heart

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6
Q

angi-/vas-/vascul-

A

vessel

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7
Q

aort-

A

aorta

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8
Q

arteri-

A

artery

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9
Q

ather-

A

fatty plaque

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10
Q

phleb-/ven-

A

vein

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11
Q

angina pectoris

A

oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart

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12
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat

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13
Q

dysrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat

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14
Q

palpitation

A

rapid or irregular beaten of the heart

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15
Q

pectoralgia

A

chest pain

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16
Q

aortalgia

A

pan in the aorta

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17
Q

diaphoresis

A

excessive sweating

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18
Q

hemorrhage

A

loss of blood

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19
Q

phlebalgia

A

pain in the vein

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20
Q

endocardium

A

tissue lining inside the heart

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21
Q

epicardium

A

tissue lining outside the heart

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22
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle tissue

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23
Q

pericardium

A

tissue around the heart

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24
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heartbeat

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25
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlargement of the heart

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26
Q

cardiotoxic

A

poisonous to the heart

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27
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish appearance to the skin, sign of tissue not getting enough oxygen

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28
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound

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29
Q

tachycardia

A

rapid heartbeat

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30
Q

vena cava

A

large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and return it to the heart

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31
Q

inferior vena cava

A

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body

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32
Q

superior vena cava

A

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)

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33
Q

angiogenesis

A

development of blood vessels

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34
Q

angiolith

A

stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel

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35
Q

angiopoiesis

A

formation of blood vessels

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36
Q

angiosclerosis

A

hardening of a blood vessel

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37
Q

aortectasia

A

dilation of the aorta

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38
Q

aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of the aorta

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39
Q

aortolith

A

stone deposit in the wall of the aorta

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40
Q

ateriolith

A

stone in the artery

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41
Q

arteriorrhexis

A

rupture of an artery

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42
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of an artery

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43
Q

artherogenesis

A

formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery

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44
Q

artherosclerosis

A

hardening of an artery due to a buildup of fatty plaque

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45
Q

embolus

A

mass of matter present in the blood (in motion)

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46
Q

embolism

A

blockage in a blood vessel by an embolus

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47
Q

ischemia

A

blockage of blood flow to an organ

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48
Q

occlusion

A

closing or blockage of a passage

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49
Q

phlebosclerosis

A

hardening of a vein

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50
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot (stationary)

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51
Q

vasospasm

A

involuntary contraction of a blood vessel

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52
Q

venosclerosis

A

hardening of a vein

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53
Q

venospasm

A

involuntary contraction of a vein

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54
Q

venostasis

A

trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression

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55
Q

angiogram

A

record of blood vessels

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56
Q

angiography

A

procedure to describe blood vessels

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57
Q

aortogram

A

record of the aorta

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58
Q

arteriogram

A

record of an artery

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59
Q

venogram

A

record of a vein

60
Q

angioscope

A

device for looking into a blood vessel

61
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

process of inserting a tube into the heart

62
Q

echocardiogram (ECG)

A

ultrasound of the heart

63
Q

electrocardiogram (EEG)

A

record of the electrical currents of the heart

64
Q

transesophageal echocardiogram

A

record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting a transducer into the esophagus

65
Q

vascular endoscopy

A

procedure to look inside a blood vessel

66
Q

blood pressure

A

the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

67
Q

diastolic pressure

A

pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed (2nd number)

68
Q

systolic pressure

A

pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting

69
Q

coronary circulation

A

circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle

70
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs (to oxygenate it)

71
Q

systemic circulation

A

circulation of blood from the heart to rest of the body

72
Q

angiocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart vessels

73
Q

atrial fibrillation (A-fib)

A

quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart’s atrium

74
Q

atrial septal defect (ASD)

A

flaw in the septum that divides the two atria

75
Q

cardiac arrest

A

cessation of functional circulation

76
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the heart muscle

77
Q

congestive cardiomyopathy

A

heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and become stretched (dilated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood

78
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow

79
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body

80
Q

carditis

A

inflammation of the heart

81
Q

congenital heart defect

A

flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth

82
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself

83
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot

84
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the tissue lining inside the heart

85
Q

myocardial infarction

A

death of heart muscle tissue

86
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

blockage of blood to the heart muscle

87
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

88
Q

pericardial effusion

A

fluid pouring out into the tissue of the heart

89
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the tissue around the heart

90
Q

valvulitis

A

inflammation of a heart valve

91
Q

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A

flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles

92
Q

aneurysm

A

bulge in a blood vessel

93
Q

angioedema

A

swelling of blood vessels

94
Q

angioma

A

blood vessel tumor

95
Q

aortic aneurysm

A

bulging or swelling of the aorta

96
Q

aortic regurgitation

A

flow of blood backward from the aorta into the heart; caused baby a weak heart valve

97
Q

aortitis

A

inflammation of the aorta

98
Q

arteriopathy

A

disease of the arteries

99
Q

arteritis

A

inflammation of the arteries

100
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

101
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

102
Q

normotension

A

normal blood pressure

103
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

104
Q

phlebostenosis

A

narrowing of the vein

105
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein caused by a clot

106
Q

vasculitis

A

inflammation of a blood vessels

107
Q

antianginal

A

drug that prevents or relieves symptoms of angina pectoris

108
Q

antiarrhythmic

A

drug that opposes irregular heartbeat

109
Q

anticoagulant

A

drug that opposes coagulation

110
Q

antihypertensive

A

drug that opposes high blood pressure

111
Q

cardiotonic

A

drug that increases the strength of heart contractions

112
Q

thrombolytic

A

drug that breaks down clots

113
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel

114
Q

vasodilator

A

drug that causes the expansion or relaxation of a blood vessel

115
Q

vasopressor

A

drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of blood vessel

116
Q

cardiomyotomy

A

incision into the heart muscle

117
Q

cardiopulmonary bypass

A

procedure that temporarily circulates and oxygenates a patient’s blood during the portion of heart surgery where the heart is stopped

118
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

basic life support

119
Q

cardiothoracic surgery

A

surgery that involves cutting through the patient’s chest to get through to the heart

120
Q

cardioversion

A

returning to a normal heart rhythm

121
Q

coronary arterectomy

A

surgical removal of a contrary artery

122
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery

123
Q

coronary artery bypass surgery

A

surgery to bypass a blocked artery in the heart

124
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

A

alternate treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient’s blood vessels into the heart

125
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

puncture of the tissue around the heart

126
Q

pericardiotomy

A

incision into the tissue around the heart

127
Q

valvectomy

A

removal of a heart valve

128
Q

valvotomy

A

incision into a heart valve

129
Q

valvuloplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of a heart valve

130
Q

ventriculotomy

A

incision into a ventricle

131
Q

anastomosis

A

creation of an opening between two normally separate structures

132
Q

aneurysmectomy

A

removal of an aneurysm

133
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of a vessel

134
Q

angiorrhaphy

A

suture of a vessel

135
Q

aortorrhaphy

A

suture of the aorta

136
Q

aortotomy

A

incision into the aorta

137
Q

arteriectomy

A

removal of an artery

138
Q

arterioplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of an artery

139
Q

arteriorrhaphy

A

suture of an artery

140
Q

atherectomy

A

removal of fatty plaque within an artery

141
Q

embolectomy

A

removal of an embolus

142
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the inside of an artery

143
Q

phlebectomy

A

removal of a vein

144
Q

phlebophlebotomy

A

procedure to create an opening between two veins

145
Q

varicotomy

A

removal of a varicose vein

146
Q

venectomy

A

surgical removal of a vein

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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