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Medical Terminology > Unit 5 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Unit 5 - Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

cerebr-, encephal-

A

brain

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2
Q

cerebell-

A

cerebellum

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3
Q

lob-

A

lobe

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4
Q

cephal-

A

head

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5
Q

crani-

A

head, skull

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6
Q

mening-, meningi-

A

meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

dur-

A

dura

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8
Q

neur-

A

nerve

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9
Q

gangli-

A

nerve bundle

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10
Q

myel-

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

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11
Q

esthesi-

A

feeling, sensation

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12
Q

phas-

A

speech

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13
Q

phren-, psych-

A

mind

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14
Q

somn-, hypn-

A

sleep

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15
Q

gnosi-

A

know

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16
Q

-mania

A

excessive desire

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17
Q

-phobia

A

excessive fear or sensitivity

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18
Q

-paresis

A

hemiparesis

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19
Q

ton-

A

muscle tone, tension, pressure

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20
Q

tax-

A

arrangement, order, coordination

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21
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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22
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

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23
Q

-aphasia

A

inability to speak

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24
Q

-ataxia

A

lack of coordination

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25
Q

catatonia

A

condition characterized by reduced muscle tone

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26
Q

delirium

A

tried loss of mental function

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27
Q

dementia

A

loss/decline in mental function

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28
Q

dyskinesia

A

difficulty moving

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29
Q

dyslexia

A

difficulty reading

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30
Q

dysphasia

A

difficulty speaking

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31
Q

dystonia

A

condition characterized by involuntary muscle movement

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32
Q

insomnia

A

inability to sleep

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33
Q

myoclonus

A

muscle twitching

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34
Q

myospasm

A

involuntary muscle twitching

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35
Q

neurasthenia

A

nerve weakness

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36
Q

somnambulism

A

sleep walking

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37
Q

syncope

A

fainting

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38
Q

cephalalgia

A

head pain

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39
Q

cephalodynia

A

head pain

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40
Q

encephalalgia

A

brain pain

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41
Q

neuralgia

A

nerve pain

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42
Q

neurodynia

A

nerve pain

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43
Q

hemiparesis

A

partial paralysis on half of the body

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44
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on half the body

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45
Q

monoparesis

A

partial paralysis of one limb

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46
Q

monoplegia

A

paralysis of one limb

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47
Q

paralysis

A

complete loss of sensation and motor function

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48
Q

paresis

A

partial paralysis characterized by varying degrees of sensation and motor function

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49
Q

causalgia

A

painful sensation of burning

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50
Q

dysesthesia

A

bad feeling

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51
Q

hyperesthesia

A

increased sensation

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52
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation, usually numbness or tingling in the skin)

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53
Q

pseudesthesia

A

false sensation

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54
Q

synesthesia

A

condition where one sensation is experienced as another

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55
Q

acrophobia

A

fear of heights

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56
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of outdoor spaces

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57
Q

hydrophobia

A

fear of water

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58
Q

kleptomania

A

desire to steal

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59
Q

photophobia

A

excessive sensitivity to light

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60
Q

pyromania

A

desire to set fire

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61
Q

echoencephalography

A

procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves

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62
Q

electroencephalography

A

procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain

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63
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid

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64
Q

cerebral angiography

A

procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain

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65
Q

magnetic resonance angiography (MRI)

A

procedure used to examine blood vessels

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66
Q

myelogram

A

image of the spinal cord, usually done by x-ray

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67
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

A

an imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain

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68
Q

transcranial Doppler sonography

A

an imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull

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69
Q

cerebellitis

A

inflammation of the cerebellum

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70
Q

cerebral atrophy

A

wasting away of brain tissue

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71
Q

duritis

A

inflammation of the dura

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72
Q

encephalocele

A

hernia of the brain

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73
Q

hematoma

A

tumor-like mass made up of blood

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74
Q

cranial hematoma

A

a hematoma beneath the skull

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75
Q

epidural hematoma

A

a hematoma located on top of the dura

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76
Q

intracerebral hematoma

A

a hematoma located inside the brain

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77
Q

subdural hematoma

A

a hematoma located beneath the dura

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78
Q

macrocephaly

A

abnormally large head

79
Q

microcephaly

A

abnormally small head

80
Q

meningocele

A

a hernia of the meninges

81
Q

myelocele

A

a hernia of the spinal cord

82
Q

myelomalacia

A

abnormal softening of the spinal cord

83
Q

myelomeningocele

A

a hernia of the spinal cord and meninges

84
Q

neuritis

A

nerve inflammation

85
Q

neuroma

A

a nerve tumor

86
Q

neurosclerosis

A

hardening of the nerve

87
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation of multiple nerves

88
Q

agnosia

A

inability to comprehend

89
Q

apathy

A

lack of emotion

90
Q

hyperkinesia

A

increase in muscle activity or movement

91
Q

neurasthenia

A

nerve weakness

92
Q

neuroglycopenia

A

deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity

93
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary back and forth eye movement

94
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize faces

95
Q

anesthesiologist

A

doctor who specializes in anesthesiology

96
Q

afferent nerve

A

a nerve that carries impulses toward the CNS

97
Q

efferent nerve

A

a nerve that carries impulses away from the CNS

98
Q

neurogenic

A

originating from/created by nerves

99
Q

psychiatrist

A

doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind

100
Q

psychiatry

A

branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind

101
Q

psychogenic

A

originating in/created by the mind

102
Q

psychologist

A

doctor doctor who specializes in the study of the mind

103
Q

psychosomatic

A

pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind

104
Q

idiopathic

A

having no known cause or origin

105
Q

interictal

A

the time between seizures

106
Q

postictal

A

time after a seizure

107
Q

preictal

A

time before a seizure

108
Q

tonic

A

pertaining to muscle tone

109
Q

clonus

A

muscle spasm or twitching

110
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

a seizure characterized by both a tonic and clonic phase

111
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain

112
Q

stroke

A

loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain

113
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

a stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of blood vessels

114
Q

ischemic stroke

A

a stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage

115
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

a “mini-stroke” caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves in 24 hours

116
Q

cerebrovascular disease

A

disease of the blood vessels in the brain

117
Q

cerebral aneurysm

A

the widening or abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain

118
Q

cerebral arteriosclerosis

A

the hardening of an artery in the brain

119
Q

cerebral atherosclerosis

A

the hardening of an artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque

120
Q

cerebral embolism

A

the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a foreign object (embolus) such as fat or bacteria

121
Q

cerebral thrombosis

A

the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a blood clot

122
Q

craniomalacia

A

abnormal softening of the skull

123
Q

craniosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of the skull

124
Q

craniostenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of the skull

125
Q

craniosynostosis

A

premature fusing of the skull bones

126
Q

hydrocephaly

A

abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain

127
Q

astrocytoma

A

a tumor arising from astrocyte glial cells

128
Q

ganglioma

A

ganglion tumor

129
Q

glioblastoma

A

a brain tumor arising from glioblast cells

130
Q

meningioma

A

tumor of the meninges

131
Q

cerebilitis

A

inflammation of the cerebellum

132
Q

cerebromeningitis

A

inflammation of the brain and meninges

133
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

134
Q

encephalomyelitis

A

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

135
Q

encephalomyeloneuropathy

A

disease of the brain, spinal cord and nerves

136
Q

encephalopathy

A

disease of the brain

137
Q

encephalopyosis

A

a pus-filled abscess in the brain

138
Q

ganglitis

A

inflammation of the ganglion

139
Q

intercerebral hemorrhage

A

excessive bleeding inside the brain

140
Q

meningopathy

A

diseases of the meninges

141
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

142
Q

meningoencephalitis

A

inflammation of the meninges and brain

143
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

144
Q

myelodysplasia

A

defective formation of the spinal cord

145
Q

myelopathy

A

disease of the spinal cord

146
Q

neuroarthropathy

A

disease of the joint associated with nerves

147
Q

neuroencephalomyelopathy

A

disease of the nerves, brain and spinal cord

148
Q

neuropathy

A

disease of the nervous system

149
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord

150
Q

polyneuropathy

A

disease affecting multiple nerves

151
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

a degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control. Literally the hardening of the nerve cells on the sides of the spine leading to the loss of muscle tissue from disuse.

152
Q

anorexia

A

an eating disorder characterized by the patient’s refusal to eat

153
Q

autism

A

a psychiatric disorder characterized by withdrawal from communication with others; the patient is focused on self

154
Q

bulimia

A

an eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced vomiting

155
Q

cerebral palsy

A

paralysis caused by damage to the area of the bran responsible for movement

156
Q

dysphoria

A

a negative emotional state

157
Q

epilepsy

A

a disease marked by seizures

158
Q

euphoria

A

a positive emotional state

159
Q

hypomania

A

a mental state just below mania

160
Q

manic depression (bipolar)

A

a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternate bouts of excitement and depression

161
Q

myasthenia

A

muscle weakness

162
Q

narcolepsy

A

a disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness

163
Q

neurosis

A

a nerve condition

164
Q

psychosis

A

a mind condition

165
Q

psychopathy

A

a mental illness

166
Q

schizophrenia

A

a mental illness, characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech

167
Q

anesthetic

A

a drug that causes loss of sensation

168
Q

general anesthetic

A

anesthetic that causes complete loss of consciousness

169
Q

regional anesthetic

A

anesthetic that is injected into a nerve causing loss of sensation over a particular area

170
Q

topical anesthetic

A

local anesthesia applied to the surface of the area to be anesthesized

171
Q

epidural anesthetic

A

anesthetic applied in the dural region of the spinal cord

172
Q

analgesic

A

drug that relieves pain

173
Q

anticonvulsant

A

drug that opposes convulsions

174
Q

antidepressant

A

drug that opposes depression

175
Q

antipsychotic

A

drug that opposes psychoses

176
Q

anxiolytic

A

drug that lessens anxiety

177
Q

hypnotic

A

drug that aids sleep

178
Q

neuropharmacology

A

study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system

179
Q

psychopharmacology

A

the study of the effects of drugs on mental processes

180
Q

psychotropic

A

drugs that are able to turn the mind

181
Q

thrombolytic

A

drug that dissolves clots

182
Q

cerebrotomy

A

incision into the brain

183
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment using chemicals

184
Q

craniectomy

A

removal of a piece of the skull

185
Q

craniotomy

A

incision into the skull

186
Q

endarterectomy

A

removal of the inside of an artery

187
Q

endovascular neurosurgery

A

surgery on the nervous system performed by entering the body through blood vessels

188
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of a lobe

189
Q

lobotomy

A

incision into a lobe

190
Q

neurectomy

A

removal of a nerve

191
Q

neurolysis

A

destruction of nerve tissue

192
Q

neuroplasty

A

reconstruction of a nerve

193
Q

neurorraphy

A

suturing of a nerve (often the severed ends of a nerve)

194
Q

neurotomy

A

incision into a nerve

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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