Unit 5 - Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
cerebr-, encephal-
A
brain
2
Q
cerebell-
A
cerebellum
3
Q
lob-
A
lobe
4
Q
cephal-
A
head
5
Q
crani-
A
head, skull
6
Q
mening-, meningi-
A
meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord
7
Q
dur-
A
dura
8
Q
neur-
A
nerve
9
Q
gangli-
A
nerve bundle
10
Q
myel-
A
spinal cord, bone marrow
11
Q
esthesi-
A
feeling, sensation
12
Q
phas-
A
speech
13
Q
phren-, psych-
A
mind
14
Q
somn-, hypn-
A
sleep
15
Q
gnosi-
A
know
16
Q
-mania
A
excessive desire
17
Q
-phobia
A
excessive fear or sensitivity
18
Q
-paresis
A
hemiparesis
19
Q
ton-
A
muscle tone, tension, pressure
20
Q
tax-
A
arrangement, order, coordination
21
Q
-plegia
A
paralysis
22
Q
-asthenia
A
weakness
23
Q
-aphasia
A
inability to speak
24
Q
-ataxia
A
lack of coordination
25
catatonia
condition characterized by reduced muscle tone
26
delirium
tried loss of mental function
27
dementia
loss/decline in mental function
28
dyskinesia
difficulty moving
29
dyslexia
difficulty reading
30
dysphasia
difficulty speaking
31
dystonia
condition characterized by involuntary muscle movement
32
insomnia
inability to sleep
33
myoclonus
muscle twitching
34
myospasm
involuntary muscle twitching
35
neurasthenia
nerve weakness
36
somnambulism
sleep walking
37
syncope
fainting
38
cephalalgia
head pain
39
cephalodynia
head pain
40
encephalalgia
brain pain
41
neuralgia
nerve pain
42
neurodynia
nerve pain
43
hemiparesis
partial paralysis on half of the body
44
hemiplegia
paralysis on half the body
45
monoparesis
partial paralysis of one limb
46
monoplegia
paralysis of one limb
47
paralysis
complete loss of sensation and motor function
48
paresis
partial paralysis characterized by varying degrees of sensation and motor function
49
causalgia
painful sensation of burning
50
dysesthesia
bad feeling
51
hyperesthesia
increased sensation
52
paresthesia
abnormal sensation, usually numbness or tingling in the skin)
53
pseudesthesia
false sensation
54
synesthesia
condition where one sensation is experienced as another
55
acrophobia
fear of heights
56
agoraphobia
fear of outdoor spaces
57
hydrophobia
fear of water
58
kleptomania
desire to steal
59
photophobia
excessive sensitivity to light
60
pyromania
desire to set fire
61
echoencephalography
procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves
62
electroencephalography
procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain
63
lumbar puncture (LP)
inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid
64
cerebral angiography
procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain
65
magnetic resonance angiography (MRI)
procedure used to examine blood vessels
66
myelogram
image of the spinal cord, usually done by x-ray
67
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
an imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain
68
transcranial Doppler sonography
an imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull
69
cerebellitis
inflammation of the cerebellum
70
cerebral atrophy
wasting away of brain tissue
71
duritis
inflammation of the dura
72
encephalocele
hernia of the brain
73
hematoma
tumor-like mass made up of blood
74
cranial hematoma
a hematoma beneath the skull
75
epidural hematoma
a hematoma located on top of the dura
76
intracerebral hematoma
a hematoma located inside the brain
77
subdural hematoma
a hematoma located beneath the dura
78
macrocephaly
abnormally large head
79
microcephaly
abnormally small head
80
meningocele
a hernia of the meninges
81
myelocele
a hernia of the spinal cord
82
myelomalacia
abnormal softening of the spinal cord
83
myelomeningocele
a hernia of the spinal cord and meninges
84
neuritis
nerve inflammation
85
neuroma
a nerve tumor
86
neurosclerosis
hardening of the nerve
87
polyneuritis
inflammation of multiple nerves
88
agnosia
inability to comprehend
89
apathy
lack of emotion
90
hyperkinesia
increase in muscle activity or movement
91
neurasthenia
nerve weakness
92
neuroglycopenia
deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity
93
nystagmus
involuntary back and forth eye movement
94
prosopagnosia
inability to recognize faces
95
anesthesiologist
doctor who specializes in anesthesiology
96
afferent nerve
a nerve that carries impulses toward the CNS
97
efferent nerve
a nerve that carries impulses away from the CNS
98
neurogenic
originating from/created by nerves
99
psychiatrist
doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind
100
psychiatry
branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind
101
psychogenic
originating in/created by the mind
102
psychologist
doctor doctor who specializes in the study of the mind
103
psychosomatic
pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind
104
idiopathic
having no known cause or origin
105
interictal
the time between seizures
106
postictal
time after a seizure
107
preictal
time before a seizure
108
tonic
pertaining to muscle tone
109
clonus
muscle spasm or twitching
110
tonic-clonic seizure
a seizure characterized by both a tonic and clonic phase
111
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain
112
stroke
loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain
113
hemorrhagic stroke
a stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of blood vessels
114
ischemic stroke
a stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage
115
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
a "mini-stroke" caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves in 24 hours
116
cerebrovascular disease
disease of the blood vessels in the brain
117
cerebral aneurysm
the widening or abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain
118
cerebral arteriosclerosis
the hardening of an artery in the brain
119
cerebral atherosclerosis
the hardening of an artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque
120
cerebral embolism
the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a foreign object (embolus) such as fat or bacteria
121
cerebral thrombosis
the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a blood clot
122
craniomalacia
abnormal softening of the skull
123
craniosclerosis
abnormal hardening of the skull
124
craniostenosis
abnormal narrowing of the skull
125
craniosynostosis
premature fusing of the skull bones
126
hydrocephaly
abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain
127
astrocytoma
a tumor arising from astrocyte glial cells
128
ganglioma
ganglion tumor
129
glioblastoma
a brain tumor arising from glioblast cells
130
meningioma
tumor of the meninges
131
cerebilitis
inflammation of the cerebellum
132
cerebromeningitis
inflammation of the brain and meninges
133
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
134
encephalomyelitis
inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
135
encephalomyeloneuropathy
disease of the brain, spinal cord and nerves
136
encephalopathy
disease of the brain
137
encephalopyosis
a pus-filled abscess in the brain
138
ganglitis
inflammation of the ganglion
139
intercerebral hemorrhage
excessive bleeding inside the brain
140
meningopathy
diseases of the meninges
141
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
142
meningoencephalitis
inflammation of the meninges and brain
143
myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord
144
myelodysplasia
defective formation of the spinal cord
145
myelopathy
disease of the spinal cord
146
neuroarthropathy
disease of the joint associated with nerves
147
neuroencephalomyelopathy
disease of the nerves, brain and spinal cord
148
neuropathy
disease of the nervous system
149
poliomyelitis
inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord
150
polyneuropathy
disease affecting multiple nerves
151
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
a degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control. Literally the hardening of the nerve cells on the sides of the spine leading to the loss of muscle tissue from disuse.
152
anorexia
an eating disorder characterized by the patient's refusal to eat
153
autism
a psychiatric disorder characterized by withdrawal from communication with others; the patient is focused on self
154
bulimia
an eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced vomiting
155
cerebral palsy
paralysis caused by damage to the area of the bran responsible for movement
156
dysphoria
a negative emotional state
157
epilepsy
a disease marked by seizures
158
euphoria
a positive emotional state
159
hypomania
a mental state just below mania
160
manic depression (bipolar)
a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternate bouts of excitement and depression
161
myasthenia
muscle weakness
162
narcolepsy
a disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness
163
neurosis
a nerve condition
164
psychosis
a mind condition
165
psychopathy
a mental illness
166
schizophrenia
a mental illness, characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech
167
anesthetic
a drug that causes loss of sensation
168
general anesthetic
anesthetic that causes complete loss of consciousness
169
regional anesthetic
anesthetic that is injected into a nerve causing loss of sensation over a particular area
170
topical anesthetic
local anesthesia applied to the surface of the area to be anesthesized
171
epidural anesthetic
anesthetic applied in the dural region of the spinal cord
172
analgesic
drug that relieves pain
173
anticonvulsant
drug that opposes convulsions
174
antidepressant
drug that opposes depression
175
antipsychotic
drug that opposes psychoses
176
anxiolytic
drug that lessens anxiety
177
hypnotic
drug that aids sleep
178
neuropharmacology
study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system
179
psychopharmacology
the study of the effects of drugs on mental processes
180
psychotropic
drugs that are able to turn the mind
181
thrombolytic
drug that dissolves clots
182
cerebrotomy
incision into the brain
183
chemotherapy
treatment using chemicals
184
craniectomy
removal of a piece of the skull
185
craniotomy
incision into the skull
186
endarterectomy
removal of the inside of an artery
187
endovascular neurosurgery
surgery on the nervous system performed by entering the body through blood vessels
188
lobectomy
removal of a lobe
189
lobotomy
incision into a lobe
190
neurectomy
removal of a nerve
191
neurolysis
destruction of nerve tissue
192
neuroplasty
reconstruction of a nerve
193
neurorraphy
suturing of a nerve (often the severed ends of a nerve)
194
neurotomy
incision into a nerve
