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AP Psychology > unit 9 > Flashcards

unit 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

conformity

A

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with the group standard

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2
Q

normative social influence

A

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval/avoid disapproval

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3
Q

informational social influence

A

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality

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4
Q

attitude

A

feelings, ideas, and beliefs that affect how we approach and react to other people, objects, and events

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5
Q

persuasion

A

deliberate attempt to change an attitude held by another

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6
Q

compliance

A

doing something bc someone asked us to, but the person doesn’t necessarily have authority

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7
Q

central route to persuasion

A

using logic to persuade

logos

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8
Q

peripheral route to persuasion

A

using fear/desires/associations to persuade

pathos

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9
Q

foot in the door

A

small request followed by a larger request

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10
Q

door in face

A

first make a major request so that the smaller reuqest you really want is more likely to be complied with

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11
Q

low ball

A

first gaining closure and commitment to an idea you want the person to accept and then changing the deal to make it better for you

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12
Q

ingratiation

A

first getting someone to like you then making your request

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13
Q

social facilitation

A

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
* performance on difficult tasks typically decreases in the presence of others

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14
Q

social loafing

A

type of diffusion of responsibility
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
EX: group projects - one person usually does majority of work

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15
Q

deindividuation

A

the loss of self awareness and self restraint occuring in group situations that foster anonymity and arousal

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16
Q

group polarization

A

group members’ beliefs get more extreme when others agree too
*like a loyalty competition

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17
Q

group think

A

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

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18
Q

culture

A

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

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19
Q

norm

A

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior

precribes ‘proper’ behavior

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20
Q

social trap

A

“playing so hard you destroy the field”

extreme short term competition reduces long term utility

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21
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

concept where people feel less responsibility to do the right thing/put forth all their effort when they are part of a group

22
Q

in group/out group bias

A

we think differently about our ‘us’ than their ‘them’

we like our group more than the others

23
Q

bystander effect

A

type of diffusion of responsibility

people are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present

24
Q

reciprocity norm

A

when person A does something positive, person B will do something positive back
*also applies to negative actions

25
Q

social inhibition

A

changing behaviors, personality, comments for fear of not matching the social climate
*reading the room

26
Q

private acceptance

A

conforming because you actually believe you should change your view

27
Q

public compliance

A

conforming publicly but actually changing your behavior/beliefs

28
Q

social impact theory

A

strength of group’s importance and the amount of ppl in group are main factors in how likely a person is to conform

29
Q

idiosyncrasy credits

A

tolerance a person earns, over time, by conforming to group norms
if enough credits are earned, the person can occaisonally behave deviantly without retribution from the group

30
Q

subtyping

A

seeing people who deviate from stereotypes as the exception

31
Q

subgrouping

A

creating a new sub-stereotype that is still part of the overall group

32
Q

stereotype threat

A

a self-confirming aprehension that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

33
Q

prejudice

A

an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

34
Q

ethnocentricism

A

assuming the superiority of one ethnic group

35
Q

stereotype

A

a generalized (sometimes correct, but usually overgeneralized) belief about a group of people

36
Q

discrimination

A

unjustifiable negative behavior/action toward a group and its memebers

37
Q

scapegoat theory

A

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providin someone to blame

38
Q

other-race effect

A

the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than the faces of other races
* also called cross-race effect or cross-race bias

39
Q

aggression

A

a hostile behavior toward another person or their interests

40
Q

passive aggression

A

trying to harm using indirect means

41
Q

evolutionary approach

A

aggression is a natural evolutionary process

animals/ppl who were aggressive had better chances of surviving and passing on their genes

42
Q

biochemical approach

A

aggression is related to a feedback loop between certain brain structures via electrical and chemical reactions
- amygdala, hypothalamus, high levels of testosterone, low levels of seratonin, brain injuries can all be related to aggression

43
Q

psychodynamic approach

A

feelings of aggression and how we express them are often the result of unconscious processes

44
Q

positive reaction to aggression

A

emotion based, then solution based coping

internal locus of control - planning

45
Q

negative reaction to aggression

A

emotion based coping and then getting stuck in grievance

external locus of control - scapegoating

46
Q

hostile aggression

A

causing physical/emotional harm is the goal

more emotional/crime of passion

47
Q

instrumental aggression

A

agression is used as a tool to get something

more cogntive/premeditated

48
Q

superordinate goal

A

groups are forced to work together to achieve the goal because they are dependent on one another

49
Q

passionate love

A

an aroused state of intense positive absporption in another, usually present at the beginning of a new love relationship

50
Q

companionate love

A

the deep affection attachment affection we feel for those with whom our lives are interwined

51
Q

equity

A

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

52
Q

self-disclosure

A

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

AP Psychology (8 decks)

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