unit 9 Flashcards
conformity
adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with the group standard
normative social influence
influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval/avoid disapproval
informational social influence
influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality
attitude
feelings, ideas, and beliefs that affect how we approach and react to other people, objects, and events
persuasion
deliberate attempt to change an attitude held by another
compliance
doing something bc someone asked us to, but the person doesn’t necessarily have authority
central route to persuasion
using logic to persuade
logos
peripheral route to persuasion
using fear/desires/associations to persuade
pathos
foot in the door
small request followed by a larger request
door in face
first make a major request so that the smaller reuqest you really want is more likely to be complied with
low ball
first gaining closure and commitment to an idea you want the person to accept and then changing the deal to make it better for you
ingratiation
first getting someone to like you then making your request
social facilitation
improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
* performance on difficult tasks typically decreases in the presence of others
social loafing
type of diffusion of responsibility
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
EX: group projects - one person usually does majority of work
deindividuation
the loss of self awareness and self restraint occuring in group situations that foster anonymity and arousal
group polarization
group members’ beliefs get more extreme when others agree too
*like a loyalty competition
group think
the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
culture
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
norm
an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior
precribes ‘proper’ behavior
social trap
“playing so hard you destroy the field”
extreme short term competition reduces long term utility
diffusion of responsibility
concept where people feel less responsibility to do the right thing/put forth all their effort when they are part of a group
in group/out group bias
we think differently about our ‘us’ than their ‘them’
we like our group more than the others
bystander effect
type of diffusion of responsibility
people are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present
reciprocity norm
when person A does something positive, person B will do something positive back
*also applies to negative actions
social inhibition
changing behaviors, personality, comments for fear of not matching the social climate
*reading the room
private acceptance
conforming because you actually believe you should change your view
public compliance
conforming publicly but actually changing your behavior/beliefs
social impact theory
strength of group’s importance and the amount of ppl in group are main factors in how likely a person is to conform
idiosyncrasy credits
tolerance a person earns, over time, by conforming to group norms
if enough credits are earned, the person can occaisonally behave deviantly without retribution from the group
subtyping
seeing people who deviate from stereotypes as the exception
subgrouping
creating a new sub-stereotype that is still part of the overall group
stereotype threat
a self-confirming aprehension that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
prejudice
an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members
ethnocentricism
assuming the superiority of one ethnic group
stereotype
a generalized (sometimes correct, but usually overgeneralized) belief about a group of people
discrimination
unjustifiable negative behavior/action toward a group and its memebers
scapegoat theory
the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providin someone to blame
other-race effect
the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than the faces of other races
* also called cross-race effect or cross-race bias
aggression
a hostile behavior toward another person or their interests
passive aggression
trying to harm using indirect means
evolutionary approach
aggression is a natural evolutionary process
animals/ppl who were aggressive had better chances of surviving and passing on their genes
biochemical approach
aggression is related to a feedback loop between certain brain structures via electrical and chemical reactions
- amygdala, hypothalamus, high levels of testosterone, low levels of seratonin, brain injuries can all be related to aggression
psychodynamic approach
feelings of aggression and how we express them are often the result of unconscious processes
positive reaction to aggression
emotion based, then solution based coping
internal locus of control - planning
negative reaction to aggression
emotion based coping and then getting stuck in grievance
external locus of control - scapegoating
hostile aggression
causing physical/emotional harm is the goal
more emotional/crime of passion
instrumental aggression
agression is used as a tool to get something
more cogntive/premeditated
superordinate goal
groups are forced to work together to achieve the goal because they are dependent on one another
passionate love
an aroused state of intense positive absporption in another, usually present at the beginning of a new love relationship
companionate love
the deep affection attachment affection we feel for those with whom our lives are interwined
equity
a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
self-disclosure
revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
