UNit 9 Flashcards
What are the 5 major attributes to walking?
-stability in stance, sufficient foot clearance, appropriate re positioning of the foot for initial contact, adequate step length, and energy conservation
At what age is the child learning how to walk?
-10 to 12 months
What are the 7 developmental positions for gait in order?
-prone, supine, side lying, sitting, quad, kneeling, and standing
What do crawling and creeping help improve to prepare a child for gait?
-Antigravity control and reciprocal patterns
What type of gait pattern can be a signs of a neurological condition such as CP or Autism?
-Toe Walking
Prematurity can be the cause of what type of gait pattern?
-toe walking
Decreasing time in what objects can help decrease toe walking?
-jumpers and walkers
What muscle shows to be less active in toe walkers?
-Tib anterior
toe walking has a positive correlation with what two impairments?
-language delays and learning disabilities
What time frame does the initial walking stage take place?
-3 to 6 months after the child begins to walk
What are the characteristics of initial walking?
-common and random loss of balance, shortened single leg stance time (32% of cycle)
What time frame does the immature walking stage take place?
-2 years old
What are the characteristics of immature walking?
-occasional loss of balance, single leg stance that is still shortened (34%), but longer than initial walking
When is matture walking accomplished?
-age 7; mimicks adult gait
How does the BOS present in a 1 year old walking?
-wide
What do the arms do during walking in a 1 year old?
-no arm swing, arms remain high and abducted
How does initial contact present in 1 year old gait?
-foot flat contact, no heel strike
How does hip rotation present in 1 year old gait?
-exxagerated
What do you begin to see in 18 month old gait?
-Heel strike
What beings to happen with the arms in 18 month old gait?
-arm swing becomes more reciprocal
What is the average cadence of 18 month old gait?
-171 steps/min
How does initial contact present in 2 year old gait?
-heel strike 100% of the time
What 3 things begin to happen during 2 year old gait?
-BOS beings to narrow, step length beings to increase, hip rotation begins to decrease
at 2 years at 6 months, how does arm swing present?
-nearly normal and reciprocal
at 2 years and 6 months, children develope more control of what movements during gait?
-hip ADD and ABD
What happens to step length and cadence in gait as a child ages?
-Step length increases, cadence decreases
How does the BOS present in 3 year old gait?
-adult like
What is the purpose of the heel rocker (rocker I) from initial contact to foot flat?
-to translate the vertical component of the ground reaction force to forward progression
What its the purpose of the ankle rock (rocker II) from loading respones to terminal stance?
-to control the rate of forward progression of the body
What is the purpose of the forefoot rocker (rocker III) from pre swing to the end of stance?
-extend the period of ground contact via the gastroc before initiating swing
