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Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is motor control?

A

-the control and organization of processes underlying movement; that is already aquired

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2
Q

What is motor learning?

A

-the acquisition of skill through practice and experience; also includes the modification of movement

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3
Q

What is motor development?

A

-the age related process to changes in motor behavrio; the ability to perform certain activities based on normal developement

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4
Q

What position do most infants start out in?

A

-Physiological flexion

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5
Q

What do infants gain first, antigravity extension or flexion?

A

-Antigravity extension

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6
Q

Which direction to most infants learn to roll first?

A

-prone to supine, then supine to prone

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7
Q

In what direction does motor control develop?

A

-head to toes

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8
Q

What develops first, mobility or stability?

A

-mobility; this is why infants are able to move arms and legs before they are able to support their head

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9
Q

What are the 3 phases of stability development?

A

-Structural stability, positional stability, Internal stability

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10
Q

What is structural stability due to?

A

-tissue tightness; ex: physiological flexion

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11
Q

What is positional stability?

A

-the use of body parts to gain a larger base of supprt

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12
Q

What is internal stability?

A

-include righting reactions and equilibrium

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13
Q

As an infant develops posture, what happens to the base of support and ROM?

A

-BOS decreases; ROM increases

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14
Q

What is needed if the child does not develop internal stability?

A

-external stability

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15
Q

What is controlled mobility?

A

-the utilization of mobility and stability for functional tasks

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16
Q

What is skill?

A

-the use of controlled mobility, mobility, and stability to interact with an object while maintaining a position

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17
Q

How does posture present early in infancy?

A

-Assymetrically

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18
Q

When does posture become more symmetrical?

A

-about 4 months

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19
Q

What develops after symetrical posture/movement?

A

-controlled assymetry

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20
Q

What type of contractures are normal in infants?

A

-Flexion contractures

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21
Q

How Should posture present in infants?

A

-flexion like in womb, hands fisted, head in midline and the child should be visually aware

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22
Q

If an infants hands are too tightly fisted, what might this indicate?

A

-A nuerologic impairment

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23
Q

What should a child be able to do with their head in early infancy?

A

-move it side to side to clear their airway

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24
Q

A baby before before what week of gestation is considered premature?

A

-37 weeks

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25
How will a premature infants posture differ from those born at normal gestation?
-They show decreased physiological flexion, and low muscle tone
26
What do premature infants have a limited ability to do?
-Self calm
27
What is an issue with preemies being place in the prone position?
-They have limited ability to move their head to clear their airway
28
What type of skills are poor in preemies?
-feeding
29
What does APGAR stand for?
-Appearance (skin color), Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration
30
How do you score Appearance on the APGAR?
-0= pale or blue; 1= body normal, extremities blue; 2= normal
31
How do you score Pulse on the APGAR?
-0=absent; 1= < 100; 2= >100
32
How do you score Grimace on the APGAR?
-0= no response; 1= grimace; 2=cry
33
How do you score Activity (muscle tone) on the APGAR?
-0= limp; 1= some reflexes of extremities; 2= active motion
34
How do you score Respiration on the APGAR?
-0=absent; 1= slow and irregular; 2=good and strong
35
What is = the best possible condition on the APGAR?
-1-
36
An APGAR score below what indicates a high risk infant?
-7
37
An APGAR score of what indicates the need for supplemental oxygen?
-5 to 7
38
A score of what on the APGAR indicates severe asphyxia and the need for resuscitation?
- equal or less than 2
39
The APGAR score at what time is a large predictor of the chance of survival and possible neurological damage?
-5 minutes
40
When are neonatal reflexes integrated?
-in the womb
41
When do neonatal reflexes typically appear?
-at the end of the second trimester
42
When do equilibrium reactions normally appear?
-at 4 to 6 months in prone and supine
43
When do equilibrium reactions mature?
-4 to 6 years
44
Moving the COM inside the BOS is considered what type of reaction?
-Righting
45
Moving the COM outside the BOS is considered what type of reaction?
-equilibrium
46
What is the order at which equilibrium actions occur?
-Prone, Supine, Side-lying, sitting, quad, knelling, standing
47
When does equilibrium reactions appear in prone?
- 6 months
48
When does equilibrium reactions appear in Supine?
-7 months
49
When does equilibrium reactions appear in sitting?
-8 months
50
When does equilibrium reactions appear in quad?
-9 months
51
When does equilibrium reactions appear in standing?
-12 months
52
When should a child be able to assume the prone on elbows position?
-2 to 3 months
53
When should a child be able to roll from supine to side lying?
-3 to 4 months
54
What 4 normal gross motor milestones should occur at 5 months?
- pull to sit without head lag; rolling prone to supine, feet to mouth, self supported sitting propped forward on arms
55
What for gross motor mile stones normally appear at 6 to 7 months?
-rolling supine to prone, sitting without support, sitting equilibrium reaction (forward), transition from quad to sitting,
56
What else normally starts to develop at 6 to 7 months?
-fine motor skills
57
What four motor milestones occur at 8 to 9 months?
-Cruising sideways, sitting equilibrium side ways, creeping, pulls to stand
58
What four motor mile stones occur at 10-11 months?
-sitting equilirium (backward), Standing alone briefly, creeps up stairs, walks with hand held for assistance
59
What motor mile stones occur at 12-15 months?
-walking independently, squats to play and returns to standing
60
What motor milestones occur at 16-18 months?
-runs stiffly, walks up and down stairs with hand rail and step to pattern
61
What motor milestones occur at 2-2.5 years?
-walks backward, walks up and down stairs with step through pattern
62
What motor milestones occur at 3 years?
-emering adult like gait, jumps with two ffet together, able to rise onto toes and maintains
63
What motor milestones occur at 4 years?
-can ambulate on stairs without support and step through gait pattern, tandem walking
64
What motor milestones occur at 5 years?
-skipping, SLS for 10 seconds, hop on one foot 8-10x, mature throwing pattern

Pediatrics (14 decks)

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