Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pediatrics > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What should you ask about an infants delivery?

A
  • how they were born (vaginal or c-section)?

- Can indicate complications– neuro impairments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do pediatric brachial plexus injuries normally occur due to?

A

-complications with vaginal birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 4 risk factors associated with birth can lead to brachial plexus injuries?

A

-Should dystocia (shoulder get stuck in birth canal), large for gestational age babies, prolonged labor, and breech deliveries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nerve regrowth typically occurs at what rate in infants?

A

-1 mm per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long does a nerve injury in the upper arm take?

A

-4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How long does a nerve injury in the lower arm take?

A

-9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Approximately what percent of infants recover from nerve injuries?

A

-70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common brachial plexus injury?

A

-Erb’s Palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Erbs palsy is casued by damage to what nerve roots?

A

-c5 and c6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What posture of the arm will be assumed with Erb’s Palsy?

A

-Waiters Tip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does Erb’s Palsy compare to Klumpke’s Palsy?

A

-Klumpkes Palsy doesnt involve the shoulder or elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of posture will the arm assume with klumpkes palsy?

A

-supinated wrist, and will cause weakness of the wrist flexors, extensors and intrinsics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nerve roots are involved with kulmpke’s palsy?

A

-c8 and t1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is global palsy?

A

-damage to the entire brachial plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can be caused with global palsy with a t1 avulsion?

A

-Horner’s Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does surgery to repair brachial plexus injuries normally occur?

A

-between 3 and 8 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the indications for surgery to repair a brachial plexus injury?

A

-lack of shoulder ER, no biceps or supination strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does surgery to repair brachial plexus injuries occur before 3 months?

A

-if complete paralysis or horners syndrome is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does TORCH stand for?

A

-Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is considered “other” in TORCH?

A

-syphillis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus b19, lyme disease, HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TORCH infections are responsible for what percent of birth defects?

A

-2 to 3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can indicate a torch infection that is now mandated to screen for in new borns?

A

-hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What can toxoplasmosis be acquired from?

A

-cat shit, undercooked meals, contaminated water/soil, unpasturized goat milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What 4 things can toxoplasmosis cause?

A

-hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification, seizures, developmental and motor delay, intellectual disability, and blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is syphilis not as common in infants anymore?
-prenatal testing is mandatory
26
What physical abnormalities are indicative of syphilis in an infant?
-Rash, damage to teeth and eyes
27
Where does varicella zoster lay dormant?
-in the dorsal root ganglion
28
What can Varicella zoster cause in infants?
-eye damage, CNS damage and ANS dysfunction
29
What are the signs and symptoms of an infant that is infected with HIV?
-Failure to thrive, yeast infection, and developmental delay
30
Will when will an infant that is actually infected with HIV test positive for it?
-18 months
31
An infant with a greater than average chance of morbitity or mortality is considered what?
-High Risk
32
What is developmental delay?
-The failure to acheive a skill expected of a typical infant or child
33
What is preeclampsia?
-a maternal condition during 20-40 weeks of gestation and 1 week post partum that results in maternal hypertension or edema
34
What is ecplamsia?
-results from preeclampsia and results in stroke, coma or convulsion
35
Premature birth occurs before what week of gestation?
-at or befroe 37 weeks
36
How is gestational age counted?
-time since last menstral cycle
37
An infant less than 5.5 lbs is considered what?
-Small for Gestational Age (SGA)
38
What is considered low birth weight?
-1501 to 2500 g (3.3 to 5.5 lbs)
39
What is considered very low birth weight?
-1000 to 1500 g (2.2 to 3.3 lbs)
40
What is considered extremely low birth weight?
-<1000 g (<2.2 lbs)
41
50% of ELBW babies have what?
-moderate to severe neuro disabilities
42
What is a babies PCA?
-Post conceptual age: Number of weeks since conception + chronological age if not reached full term yet
43
What is a level I neotnatal care unit?
-well-baby nursery: stable infants; feed and grow babies
44
What is a level II neotnatal care unit?
-Special Care Nursery: infants 32+ weeks, 1500+ grams or to stabilize infants prior to more specialized care-- on tube feed or supplemental oxygen
45
What is a level III neotnatal care unit?
- infants <32 we, or <1500 grams; on ventliators
46
What is a level IV neotnatal care unit?
-Regional NICU: most specialized medical services for complex infants
47
How should you position an infant in the NICU?
-Head in midline, elevated to 32 degrees
48
In what position is oxygenation the highest?
-prone
49
How should you educate an infants parents to position the infant for sleep after leaving the NICU to reduce the risk of SIDS?
-supine
50
What is the Synactive Theory?
-looks at babies ability to self regulate, and the babies behavior indicating the amount of stress they are in
51
What is Resipratory Distress Syndomre (Aka hyaline membrane disease)?
-when the infants lungs do not produce enough surfactant and the alveoli collapse
52
Respiratory Distress syndrome mainly occurs in infants born before what gestational age?
-29 weeks
53
When does surfactant develop?
-32 weeks
54
When do sufficient levels of surfactant develop?
-37 to 38 weeks
55
What are the signs of respiratory distress syndrome?
- grunting, soft tissue retractions, syanosis
56
What does bronchopulmonary dysplasia result from?
-supplemental oxygen or ventilator use, especially longer than 11 days
57
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is more common in what babies?
-LBW or ELBW
58
What is Meconium Aspiration Disorder?
-When the infants 1st poop occurs in the womb or delivery and is inhaled through amneotic fluid
59
IVH is most common in infants born below what?
-32 weeks
60
What increases the risk for IVH?
-Low Birth Rate
61
What grades of IVH have a low risk for long term neurological deficits?
-Grades I and II
62
What is a grade I IVH?
-Isolated Germinal Hemorrhage
63
What is a grade II IVH?
-IVH with normal size ventricles
64
What is a grade III IVH?
-IVH with Dilated ventricles
65
What is a Grade IV IVH?
-IVH into periventricular white matter
66
What is periventricular Leukomalacia cause by?
-Too little Cerebral blood flow
67
What is the leading cause of CP?
-Periventricular Leukomalacia
68
Periventricular leukomalacia is likely to cause diplegia or quadraplegia in the presence of what?
-bilateral cysts
69
What is hypoxic encephalopathy caused by?
-decreased oxygenation and glucose due to hypoxemia
70
What does mild HIE require?
-resuscitation
71
What will the infant present like with mild HIE?
-May be irritable and jittery but have normal muscle tone
72
What will an infant with moderate HIE recquire?
-resuscitation and short term assistance with respiration
73
What are the signs of moderate HIE?
-Possible hypotonia and seizures
74
What will severe HIE recquire?
-resuscitation and prolonged ventilation
75
How will an infant with severe HIE present?
-severe hyotonia,decreased movement, seizures, cognitive impairments
76
GERD is more common in infants with what?
-neurological impairments
77
What is neonatal abstinence syndrome?
-withdrawal symptoms and neurobehaviors in infants that occurs in response to mothers taking drugs during pregnancy
78
What are the symptoms of neonatal abstinence syndrome?
-irritability, tremors, failure to thrive, increased muscle tone
79
What is necrotizing entercolitis?
-acute inflammation of the bowel that results in intestinal mucosal ulceration and hemorhhage
80
In what infants does necrotizing entercolitis occur most common in?
-Preemies less than 2000G
81
What does retinopathy of prematurity come from?
-abnormal blood vessel growth in the immature retina due to high levels of supplemental oxygen
82
What can hyerbilirubinemia cause if untreated?
-damage to the basal ganglia and cause athetosis
83
What is the normal HR of a newborn infant?
-120-180 BPM
84
What is the normal RR of a newborn?
-40 to 60 BPM
85
What is the most common test performed in the NICU?
-Test of Infant Motor Performance

Pediatrics (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions