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Biology Semester 2 > Unit 9 > Flashcards

Unit 9 Flashcards

Cell Cycle

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1
Q

production of offspring from one parent

A

asexual reproduction

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2
Q

binary fission
spores
vegetative propagation
regeneration
cloning

A

5 types of asexual reproduction

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3
Q

formation of a new individual by fertilization, the combining of two haploid (N) sex cells (gametes-egg and sperm) made during meiosis

A

Sexual reproduction

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4
Q

what is meiosis the process of

A

to convert a diploid cell to a haploid gamete, thus causing a change in the genetic information to increase diversity in the offspring

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5
Q

meiosis

A

formation of reproductive cells (egg and sperm)

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6
Q

what does asexual reproduction use

A

mitosis

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7
Q

what does asexual reproduction produce

A

genetically identical cells

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8
Q

is there genetic diversity in asexual reproduction

A

no

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9
Q

what is the new individual cell made during sexual reproduction called

A

a zygote

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10
Q

what is meiosis not

A

asexual reproduction

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11
Q

what is meiosis the formation of

A

an egg or sperm that will be used during reproduction by forming a zygote

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12
Q

what happens during mitosis

A

a singular nucleus divides into 4 nuclei by going through mitosis twice

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13
Q

what does meiosis result in

A

4 haploid daughter cells

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14
Q

what is the cell cycle also known as

A

mitosis

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15
Q

what is mitosis

A

the division of a cell to form two genetically identical cells

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16
Q

what is the cell cycle not

A

it is not a series of individual steps, but a continuous process with no detonated divisions between phases

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17
Q

what are the 3 main divisions of the cell cycle

A

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

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18
Q

what is the longest division of the cell cycle

A

interphase

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19
Q

what is interphase divided into

A

G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase

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20
Q

what phase of the cell cycle does the cell never leave

A

G0 phase

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21
Q

what is mitosis divided into

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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22
Q

what is cytokinesis

A

division of the cytoplasm and organelles

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23
Q

what happens during the G1 phase

A

the cell is obtaining nutrients, synthesizing RNA, producing proteins, and growing in size

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24
Q

what is the longest period of interphase

A

G1 phase

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25
Q

what phase of interphase is when chromatin duplicates

A

S phase

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26
Q

what is each piece of duplicated chromatin held together by

A

centromere

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27
Q

this follows anaphase

A

telophase`

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28
Q

made up of the G1, S and G2 phase

A

interphase

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29
Q

cleavage furrow forms during this portion of the cell cycle

A

cytokinesis

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30
Q

formation of the cell plate in plants occurs during this portion of the cell cycle

A

cytokinesis

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31
Q

spindle fibers disappear during this phase

A

telophase

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32
Q

nitrogen base that always binds to guanine

A

cytosine

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33
Q

phase of the cell cycle which occurs after cytokinesis

A

interphase

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34
Q

phase during which centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell

A

prophase

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35
Q

2N

A

diploid

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36
Q

phase of the cell cycle which occurs after mitosis

A

cytokinesis

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37
Q

this pair of sex chromosomes is found in a female

A

XX

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38
Q

a portion of interphase during which DNA is copied

A

S phase

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39
Q

the portion of interphase during which cells grow in size

A

G1 phase

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40
Q

longest period of interphase

A

G1 phaset

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41
Q

this pair of sex chromosomes is found in a male

A

XY

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42
Q

type of reproduction that results in genetically identical cells

A

asexual reproduction

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43
Q

portion of interphase during which to cell prepares for division

A

G2 phase`

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44
Q

phase where chromatin begins to coil into chromosomes attached at the centromere

A

prophase

45
Q

chromosomes are found in this part of the cell

A

nucleus

46
Q

spindle fibers shorten and sister chromosomes are drawn to opposite poles in this phase

A

anaphase

47
Q

division of the nucleus

A

mitosis

48
Q

two of these are attached by a centromere

A

chromatids

49
Q

division of the cytoplasm

A

cytokinesis

50
Q

term used to describe the center of the cell when chromosomes are lined up

A

metaphase plate

51
Q

phase where the spindle apparatus forms in animal cells

A

prophase

52
Q

phase where chromosomes move to the center of the cell

A

metaphase

53
Q

interval between cell divisions

A

interphase

54
Q

N

A

haploid

55
Q

the phase of the cell cycle which follows interphase

A

mitosis

56
Q

term used to describe the non-dividing phase of muscle and nerve cells

A

G0

57
Q

used by cells to guide the separation of sister chromatids into two daughter cells

A

spindle apperatus

58
Q

cell division resulting in daughter cells being much smaller than parent

A

budding

59
Q

nitrogenous base that always binds to thymine

A

adenine

60
Q

phase used for karyotyping cells

A

metaphase

61
Q

ratio which helps determine when a cell should divide

A

volume: surface area

62
Q

term used to describe cell division in prokaryotes

A

binary fission

63
Q

phase during which centromeres divide

A

anaphase

64
Q

nuclear envelopes reassemble during this phase

A

telophase

65
Q

non-sex chromosomes

A

autosomes

66
Q

photograph showing all the chromosomes in a person’s body

A

karyotype

67
Q

diploid number in human

A

46 chromosomes

68
Q

is chromatin or chromosomes present in G1 interphase

A

Chromatin

69
Q

is chromatin or chromosomes present in G2 interphase

A

chromatin

70
Q

is chromatin or chromosomes present in S interphase

A

chromatin

71
Q

is chromatin or chromosomes present in prophase

A

chromatin into chromosomes

72
Q

is chromatin or chromosomes present in metaphase

A

chromosomes

73
Q

is chromatin or chromosomes present in telophase

A

chromosomes into chromatin

74
Q

is chromatin or chromosomes present in anaphase`

A

chromosomes

75
Q

is chromatin of chromosomes present in cytokinesis

A

chromatin

76
Q

is the DNA joined or individual in the G1 phase of interphase

A

individual

77
Q

is the DNA joined or individual in the S phase of interphase

A

joined

78
Q

is the DNA joined or individual in the G2 phase of interphase

A

joined

79
Q

is the DNA joined or individual in prophase

A

joined

80
Q

is the DNA joined or individual in metaphase

A

joined

81
Q

is the DNA joined or individual in anaphase

A

individual

82
Q

is the DNA joined or individual in telophase

A

individual

83
Q

is the DNA joined or individual in cytokinesis

A

individual

84
Q

how many nuclei are present in G1 interphase

A

2

85
Q

how many nuclei are present in S interphase

A

2

86
Q

how many nuclei are present in G2 interphase

A

1

87
Q

how many nuclei are present in prophase

A

0

88
Q

how many nuclei are present in metaphase

A

0

89
Q

how many nuclei are present in anaphase

A

0

90
Q

how many nuclei are present in telophase

A

1

91
Q

how many nuclei are present in cytokinesis

A

2

92
Q

in what phase do the sister chromatids move apart

A

anaphase

93
Q

in what phase does the nucleus begin to fade from view

A

prophase

94
Q

what phase is the opposite of prophase

A

telophase

95
Q

in what phase is half of the cleavage furrow visible

A

cytokinesis

96
Q

in what phase do the chromosomes replicate

A

interphase

97
Q

what phase is the cell plate nearly completed

A

cytokinesis

98
Q

in what phase do spindle fibers begin to form

A

prophase

99
Q

what phase do spindle fibers begin to form

A

prophase

100
Q

what phase completes cell division

A

cytokinesis

101
Q

in what phase do the chromosomes move toward the poles of the cell

A

anaphase

102
Q

in what phase do the chromosomes line up along the equator

A

metaphase

103
Q

what phase is the time of the cell growth

A

interphase

104
Q

in what phase does a new nuclear membrane form around the chromosomes

A

telophases

105
Q

in what phase does the nuclear membrane break down

A

prophase

106
Q

in what phase is the cytoplasm of the cell divided

A

cytokinesis

107
Q

in what phase is DNA not visible

A

interphase

108
Q

in what phase are chromosomes in their most condensed state

A

metaphase

Biology Semester 2 (5 decks)

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