Unit 6 Flashcards
Genetics
what is the 50/50 rule
each parents contribute 1/2 of the chromosomes to the offspring
What does a pedigree like like with a dominate trait
shows in every generation unless recessive pair up on both sides
what does a pedigree look like with a recessive trait
usually recessive trait “dissapears” in F1 generation
hereditary
transmission of traits from parents to offspring
alleles
different form of one gene
mutation
random events that change the sequence of a gene and therefore create a new allele
traits
a physical characteristic
genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism
phenotype
the physical appearance of an organism as a result of the genotype
monohybrid cross
used to show how one trait is inherited and its probability of occurence
complete dominance
one allele completely masks the other
how many phenotypes are possible for complete dominance
2
how many phenotypes are possible with incomplete dominance
3
incomplete dominace
when a combination of the dominate and recessive alleles creates a new phenotype
codominance
a single gene has more than one dominate allele
how many possible phenotypes are there with codominance
3
multiple alleles
many gene exist as multiple alleles and exhibit several different forms
how many possible phenotypes are there with multiples alleles
4
sex-linked inheritance
sex chromosome determines weather or not a certain trait is inherited
polygenic traits
many traits are controlled by more than one gene, allows them to show a wide range of phenotypes
dihybrid cross
used to show how two traits are inherited, and their probability of occurence
