Unit 8 Test Flashcards by Kelsie Woozley

What are the properties of water and how do they relate to hydrogen bonding?

It has high surface tension, and low vapor pressure, freezes into a honeycomb shape, is a universal solvent, has a high boiling point, and has a high specific heat capacity.

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What is the Tyndall effect?

the scattering of light by particles

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What is Brownian motion?

the random motion of particles

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What’s a solution?

Solute+Solvent, homogenous, particles less than 1nm

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What are suspensions?

can see them and are bigger than 1000 nm

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What are colloids?

between 1 nm and 1000 nm

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A colloidal dispersion of a liquid in a liquid (mayo)

emulsion

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What is a solvent?

dissolves solute

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What is a solute?

the stuff being dissolved

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saturated

can’t dissolve anymore/contains max of solute for solvent

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unsaturated

contains less solute than a saturated solution

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supersaturated

contains more solute then theoretically could be held at given temperature

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property that depends on the number of solute particles, not identity

colligative property

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What are the three colligative properties of solutions?

Vapor Pressure lowering, freezing point depression, boiling point elevation

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What effect does the solute have on Vapor pressure?

solute particles reduce the number of free solvent particles able to escape the liquid.

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What effect does the solute have on Freezing point depression?

the magnitude of freezing point depression is proportional to the number of solute particles dissolved.

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What effect does the solute have on Boiling point elevation?

the magnitude of boiling point elevation is proportional to the number of solute particles dissolved in solvent.

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What are the factors that determine how fast a substance dissolves?

stir it up, heat it up, beat it up

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How many particles are in the following
C6H12O6
Na2SO4
KNO3

1
3
2

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What does it mean to beat it up?

break into smaller particles so that there is more surface area

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dilute

not concentrated

What is the formula for dilutes?

M1xV1=M2xV2 M=molarity. V=volume

Suppose you need 250 mL of 0.20M NaCl solution, but the only supply of sodium chloride you have is a solution of 1.0M NaCl. Describe how you would prepare the required solution.

200mL

What is concentration?

how much stuff is in your stuff

What's the formula for concentration?

M=mole S solute/L solution= mol/L

Calculate the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 95.0 g of MgCl2 in enough water to make 750 mL of the solution.

1.33 M MgCl2

How much you can put for it to dissolve or the amount that can dissolve at a given temperature and pressure

solubility

The solubility of methane, the major component of natural gas, in water at 20 degrees C and 1.00 atm pressure is 0.026g/L. If the temperature remains constant, what is the solubility of this gas at 1.80 atm?

0.05

What is the formula for solubility?

g/L. g/L ------ =. ------- atm. atm.

The number of moles of solute in 1 liter of solution

molarity

What is the formula for molarity?

M= moles of solute/liters of solute

What does henry's law mean

gases are only affected by pressure

What's the formula for henrys law

S1/P1=S2/P2 S=g/L P=atm, kPa, Torr

How does polarity affect solubility?

like dissolves like polar dissolves polar nonpolar dissolves nonpolar

If it dissolves in H20 it will conduct electricity

electrolyte

weak electrolyte and what elements are

kinda dissociates (weak acids and bases) look for acetic acid HC2H3O2 and ammonia NH3

strong electrolyte and what elements are

completely dissociates (salts or ionic compounds)

non-electrolyte and what elements are

doesn't dissociate (molecular compounds)

Things with elements____ are most likely non-polar.

ionic compounds dissolve in _____

polar

What mass of Mg(OH)2 is produced when 75.0 mL of 0.425 M Mg(NO3)2 is added to excess NaOH solution according to the reaction given below Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) ---------> 2NaNO3 (aq) + Mg(OH)2 (s)

1.86 g Mg (OH)2

solute ions or molecules become surrounded by solvent molecules

solvation

aqueous solution

can dissolve in H20

anything that is gonna interfere with hydrogen bonding and reduces the surface tension (soap or detergents)

surfactant

The inward force or pull that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid

surface tension

When water is used as the solvent

water of hydration

Water is a polar solvent and gasoline is a nonpolar solvent. Decide which compounds are more likely to dissolve in water and which are more likely to dissolve in gasoline. Sucrose (C12H22O11) Na2SO4 Methane (CH4) KCl

gasoline water gasoline water ionic=polar C=nonpopar polar bonds with polar non-polar bonds with non-polar

What is the percentage of water in the hydrate FeSO4x7H20

45% mass of H20/mass of hydrate

What mass of NaNO3 (solubility=88.0g NaNO3/100g H20 at 20 degrees C) can dissolve in 250.0 g water?

220 g NaNO3

What mass of CaCl2 is needed to make 250 mL of a 0.10M CaCl2 solution?

2.77 g CaCl2

Aqueous solutions of aluminum chloride and sodium phosphate are mixed and a double replacement reaction occurs forming an aluminum phosphate precipitate. Write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs What are the spectator ions in the resulting solution If 50.0 mL of a 1.50 M aluminum chloride solution is reacted with 75.0 mL of a 1.00 M sodium phosphate solution, which reactant would be the limiting reagent, and what mass of precipitate could theoretically be produced by the reaction?

AlCl3 10g