Unit 4 Flashcards by Kelsie Woozley

The number of protons. The further down the chart goes the larger the number of protons.

Nuclear Charge

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Valence electrons are weakly attracted to the nucleus because their attraction to the nucleus is shielded by the other electrons in the atom. This effect only happens in BIG atoms.

Shielding Effect

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adding protons and electrons will increase force but distance doesn’t change unless another ring/energy level is added. With more force the atom will get smaller because there are more electrons. (shielding effect) When you add an energy level the distance increases decreasing the size of the atom.

Atomic Size

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When an atom gains or loses an electron is becomes known as an _____.

ion

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Metallic elements (Metals) generally lose electrons making them positively charged______.

Cations

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Non-metallic elements (Non-metals) generally gain electrons to become negatively charged______.

Anions

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Draw an anion and a cation

Cl- Na+

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Positive ions (cations) have______ radii than their corresponding atoms.

smaller

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Negative ions (anions) have _____ radii than their corresponding atoms.

larger

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Energy required to overcome the attraction of the nuclear charge and remove an electron from an atom. Removing 1 electron from an atom results in a 1+ charge.

Ionization Energy

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Its tendency for the atoms of the element to attract electrons. The electronegativity of Cesium and Francium is smallest at 0.7 and Florine is greatest at 4.0 (It increases up and to the right as it gets closer to Florine)

Electronegativity

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Whats the most electronegative element on the periodic table?

Florine
*Hydrogen wants an electron

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Whats the strongest force in the universe?

Strong nuclear force

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Force=

+ -
q1 q2
—————
distance^2

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Ionic size _____ as you go down and _____ as you go to the side.

increases, decreases

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Shielding _____ as you go down and _____ as you go to the side.

increases, little to no effect

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Atomic Radius _____ as you go down and _____ as you go to the side.

increases, decreases

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Ionization energy_____ as you go down and ____ as you go to the side.

decreases, increases

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Electronegativity_____ as you go down and ____ as you go to the side.

decreases, increases

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Electromagnetic radiation

light

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Transfer of energy in a medium

wave

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Electromagnetic waves travel as a ___ and interact as a _____

wave, particle

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All waves travel at what speed?

The speed of light

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the distance between the crests and is measured in meters

wavelength

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waves height from origin to the crest

amplitude

The speed of light= 3.00x10^8 meters per second

cations are ______.

metals

anions are ________.

non-metals

energy=

h x v

Planck's constant= 6.626x10^-34

The less frequency the_____ the _______ _______.

longer the wave length

Draw the electromagnetic spectrum

how do u solve for v and y in this equation c=yv

c/y=yv/y c/v=yv/v

draw the wave line thingy

frequency

wavelength

number of waves per second and is measured in hertz

frequency

when a positive electron is added it decreases the size of the atom and when a negative electron is added it increases the size of the atom.

Ionic size

Where do u start for the math problems?

GUESS Givens Unknowns Equation Solve Substitute

What is the packet of energy released when electrons fall back down to correct energy level?

Photon

What is it called when metals eject electrons called photo electrons when light shines on them if the threshold frequency have been reached?

Photo electric effect

What is Einsteins energy theory based on photons?

E = h x v photon

What are the scientific notation numbers that correspond with the Atomic Emission Spectra?

Frequency= 10^14 Energy= 10^-19 Wavelength= 10^-7

What are the rules for sig figs?

Addition or Subtraction= decimal Division or Multiplication= number of sig figs

Draw the photoelectric effect

What is the Atomic Emission Spectra?

An atom with an electron in the ground state and when the electron gets excited it changes to an excited state and it falls back down to the ground state and emits a photon that produces the lights we see in the Atomic Emission Spectra.

Why do we call the Atomic Emission Spectra the Atomic Fingerprint?

Because each element has its own unique emission spectrum

One type of radiation has a wavelength of 15 micro meters. What is the frequency of this radiation?

2^13

Suppose that your favorite AM radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 1600 kHz. What is the wavelength in meters of the radiation from the station?

187.5

An inexpensive laser that is available to the public emits light that has a wavelength of 670 nm. What is the frequency of the radiation?

4.478^14

An inexpensive laser that is available to the public emits light that has a wavelength of 670 nm. What is the energy, in J, of a photon of light emitted by the laser?

2.967^-19

A photon with enough energy, 8.2 x 10^-19 J of energy - to be precise, will eject an electron from a piece of gold! What is the frequency of the light with this energy?

1.238^15

A photon with enough energy, 8.2 x 10^-19 J of energy - to be precise, will eject an electron from a piece of gold! What wavelength, in nm, does light with this energy have?

2.423263328^-7

To eject an electron from the surface of cesium metal, a minimum of 3.36 x 10^-19 J of energy must be absorbed. Does blue light with a wavelength of 475 nm have sufficient energy to eject the electron from the surface of cesium? Justify your answer with a calculation.

No! 4.18484211^-19

REFER TO PICTURE IN PACKET Which of the lines most likely corresponds to the transition of an electron from the 3rd energy level to the 2nd energy level?

656

REFER TO PICTURE IN PACKET Which of the lines most likely corresponds to the transition of an electron from the 6th energy level to the 2nd energy level?

486

REFER TO PICTURE IN PACKET Which of the lines most likely corresponds to the transition of an electron from the 7th energy level to the 2nd energy level?

434

What is the frequency of the light represented by the blue line (wavelength=434) in the spectrum? How much energy in J does the blue line correspond to?

6.912^14 4.579^-19

In a particular atom, an electron moves from n=3 to the ground state (n=1) emitting a photon with 3.4 x 10^-18 J of energy. What is the frequency of the photon of light emitted?

5.131^15

In a particular atom, an electron moves from n=3 to the ground state (n=1) emitting a photon with 3.4 x 10^-18 J of energy. What is the wavelength of the light emitted?

5.856813487^-8

Whats the freakin chart?

G 9 M 6 K 3 C -2 M -3 M -6 N -9 P -12

Who organized science and named the process where energy is released as radio activity and radiation?

Marie Curie

Who named X-rays?

Willhem Roentgen

PROCESS where energy is released

radioactivity

ENERGY given off

radiation

The study of structure of atomic nuclei and changes they undergo

nuclear chemistry

in nuclear reaction, the nuclei of unstable isotopes is called ______

radioiscotopes

the mass number is made up of ____ and _____ whereas the atomic number is just ______.

protons, neutrons, protons

What are the 3 different ways energy is lost?

Alpha emission, beta emission and gamma emission

Draw the symbol, charge, and nuclei of alpha, beta, and gamma emissions.

When a nucleus emits a beta emission its a fast moving ________.

electron

Who identified beta, gamma, and alpha radiation ?

Ernest Rutherford

Draw a alpha emission diagram for Uranium

In an alpha emission if its going right then its a product of ____ and was ____ from the nucleus but if its going left then its ______ back into the _____.

decay emitted absorbed nucleus

In alpha emission the atom is very unstable and will release lots of energy by chucking _____ out.

nuclei

What is the pattern for Alpha, beta, and gamma emissions?

A: decreases by 2 B: goes up 1 G: same as alpha

electron gets out of nucleus and the atom got another proton making it bigger and more stable -1e +1p

beta particle

Draw a diagram of the beta particle with carbon-14

every time you have gamma decay you have a ____ decay.

alpha

A high energy photon emitted from radioactive nuclei with no mass or electrical charge

gamma particle

Draw a diagram of the gamma particle with thorium

what are the least to greatest penetrating particles

smallest-------------------------largest Alpha Beta gamma some gamma rays