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Pysch 101 > Unit 8 - Social Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 8 - Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is most people’s experience like with online dating?

A

Overall positive although many (mostly young women) report being harassed or sent explicit messages

Most say it has a neutral effect on their dating life and that relationships from it are just as successful as IRL

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2
Q

How can online dating lead to unrealistic expectations?

A

Access to so many profiles leads to the heuristic of “more options = better matches” causing us to expect perfection

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3
Q

How many adults have used online dating?

A

30%

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4
Q

What are the two most common methods of finding a partner?

A

1) through friends
2) online dating

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5
Q

What makes online dating successful?

A

Having a clear sense of what you are attracted to (most ppl don’t have this tho…)

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6
Q

Who are online dating apps most helpful for?

A

Ppl who are socially anxious or who just moved to a new city

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7
Q

Why might social media make you see your life in a negative light?

A

If you over-rely on it for socialization it may begin to replace more rewarding in-person interactions

Also, seeing ideal circumstances of others all the time

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8
Q

What can the perception of having a broad social network lead to?

Does this still work if it is online?

A

Lower stress and higher well-being

Yes! Online spaces can provide a space space for self-disclosure

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9
Q

What did Robert’s Case study show (from the textbook)

A

How quickly ppl form group identities and develop prejudice against an outgroup which can then lead to conflict

Also how group tasks can DEC prejudice!

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10
Q

If actual contact between social groups is not feasible, what can help to DEC prejudice?

A

Imagining positive contact between the groups

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11
Q

what is contact hypothesis

A

The proposal that prejudice can be reduce with
-santioned + (friendly and co-operative) interactions
-where members of diff. groups work together
-and where authority groups support the social change (Required!!)

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12
Q

How does contact hypothesis work?

A

Encourgaes empathy and perspective-taking

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13
Q

Who did the soccer study that showed the contact hypothesis in action?

A

S. Mousa

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14
Q

What is prejudice?

A

An adverse opinion you have without just grounds or sufficient knowledge

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15
Q

What 2 things can DEC prejudice?

A

Contact hypothesis

Shifting the social norm towards inclusion

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16
Q

What is Stigmatizing

A

When you regard/describe something as being worthy of disgrace or great disaproval

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17
Q

What do diversity training programs do?

A

Help to reduce stereotypes

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18
Q

Why are stereotypes bad?

A

Because although they can sometimes capture meaningful average differences between groups they rarely describe every individual in a group

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19
Q

What is kin selection?

A

The evolved tendency to help family thus ensuring that our genes get reproduced

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20
Q

What is a stereotype?

A

A mental representation or schema we have about a group

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21
Q

Why do we use stereotypes

A

they save energy (use autonomic system)

They are also learned early in life via the media and the ppl around us

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22
Q

What is empathy?

A

The ability to mentally simulate another’s suffering

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23
Q

How can we become more empathetic?

A

make it easier to simulate another’s suffering

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24
Q

What makes you more likely to help someone?

A

Empathy

If helping them goes with your goals/motivations

Norm of reciprocity

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25
Q

What makes empathy more difficult?

A

When a person is more different to you

26
Q

What is the norm of reciprocity

A

The automatic tendency to help someone who has helped us in the past or who we expect to help us in the future

27
Q

What is prosocial behaviour?

A

An innate tendency to do things that help others reach their goals even if they may hinder ours

28
Q

Why do we have prosocial behaviour?

A

We need to see ourselves positively
INC odds of genetic survival
Benefits society as a whole and societies that trust each other and cooperate are more successful
We hope they will do the same

29
Q

What is “Infant-Helping Bias”

A

Infants prefer helpful ppl and seem to dislike ppl that seem selfish

30
Q

What is “Individual Bias” (I made up this name)

A

It is easier for us to empathize with a single identified person in a crisis than a large group bc we struggle to process mass tragedy and feel unable to help with it

31
Q

What does science say abt agression and videogames/gun-exposure/violent media?

A

Can INC agressive feelings/thoughts/impulses in the short term but not forever and also not linked to criminal acts of violence

32
Q

What two varibles affect wether or not someone will become agressive?

A

Stable Traits (Personality) ex: quick to irritation

Specific Circumstances (Situation) ex: pressure to get to work on time

33
Q

What are the steps in the general aggression model?

A

Variables determine whether or not something is a trigger

Trigger leads to reaction (emotional/physical/cognitive)

Reaction leads to decision
(Impulsive or thoughtful)

34
Q

When is aggression typically triggered?

A

When we perceive a threat to our belonging or acceptance

35
Q

Is the aggression questionnaire reliable?

A

yes!

36
Q

What is aggression?

A

Behavior with the goal of harming another living being

37
Q

what are some examples of potential aggression triggers?

A

-personal insults
-feeling like your goals are annoying, frustrating or uncomfortable

38
Q

What are some individual determinants of aggression?

A

Gender, Cultural norms, upbringing, Personality traits

39
Q

What makes Milgram study participants less likely to obey

A

-If the victim is closer to them
-If the experimenter seems less authoritative (not in the room, not from well-known uni,ect.)
-If they see someone else not harm the learner

40
Q

How many ppl obeyed in the Milgram experiment?

A

60%

41
Q

How can authority be good?

A

Keeps us safe
Good leaders can bring awarenes to important causes or maximize collective good
Create respect for other ppl (ex: quieting down when told to shush)

42
Q

How can authority be bad?

A

Unquestioning obedience to leaders that fail to protect

43
Q

Give an example of a hierarchical system in our society

A

Your family
Your school
Your workplace

44
Q

What is the appeal to authority fallacy

A

We are more likly to believe authority figures even if they talk abt things they aren’t experts in

ex: I am going to eat beets while I am sick bc jennie from blackpink says it will cure me but she is a pop star and not a doctor (this is a made up pls example don’t sue me)

45
Q

what are two ways to gain influence as a leader?

A

1) show competence (earns respect)

2) Show dominance (inspires fear)

46
Q

How can collaboration be good?

A

In general tends to boost motivation

47
Q

What is social loafing?

A

When someone spends less effort during a collaboration
-less likely if the task is interesting/challenging or they are being held accountable for their work
-More likely if they feel like their contributions are unimportant or anonymous

48
Q

How would a personality psychologist vs social psychologist answer the question

“Why do we choke under pressure?”

A

Social: An audience causes this response in all ppl

Personality: Some ppl get more anxious about performance than others bc they have that trait

49
Q

What is social facilation

A

An enhancement of the dominant response when performing a task with an audience

50
Q

What is the dominant response?

A

The most likely behavioral outcome

-For something hard (like solving an organic chemistry problem) -> dominant response is failure

-For something easy (like making an icecream sundae) -> dominant response is to succeed

51
Q

What can make ppl act out of line with their beliefs or typical behaviour?

A

Deindividuation in larger groups

Defined social rules due to conformity

52
Q

Why did ppl say the wrong answer on purpose in the social conformity experiment?

A

They wanted to adapt to the social situation

53
Q

Between men and women, who are more likely to conform in a group of the same gender?

A

Women

54
Q

What is the biggest difference in the way parents treat children of different genders?

A

Encouragement to participate in specific activities

55
Q

Give an example of social conformity

A

-Clapping when other ppl clap
-Listening to kpop bc all your friends do
-Waiting in line
-Starting to eat vegetables bc your roomates all like vegatabless

56
Q

What is social conformity?

A

The implicity process of mimicking/internalizing/adadopting the behaviours and preferences of the ppl around us

57
Q

How can social conformity be good or bad?

A

Good: Lets us adapt to the social environment

Bad: Sometimes leads to undesirable actions ex: bullying

58
Q

What are social norms?

A

Patterns of behaviour/preferences/traditions that your culture approves

-they are understood but don’t need to be directly stated

59
Q

Why do we conform to social norms?

A

We need to belong and form trusting relationships with other people

60
Q

What is the difference between informational and Normative social influence?

A

Informative: When we conform bc we want to seem correct

Normative: When we conform bc we want approval

61
Q

what is the difference between social and personality psychology?

A

Social: How our behaviour changes with our environment

Personality: How our behavior stays the same across situations due to stable traits

62
Q

What are the core motivations of ppl?

A

-Perceiving ourselves and our groups positively
-Belonging and forming trusting relationships with others
-Understanding our world and feeling a sense of control over our actions and outcomes

Pysch 101 (8 decks)

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