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Pysch 101 > Unit 8 - Social Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 8 - Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is most people’s experience like with online dating?

A

Overall positive although many (mostly young women) report being harassed or sent explicit messages

Most say it has a neutral effect on their dating life and that relationships from it are just as successful as IRL

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2
Q

How can online dating lead to unrealistic expectations?

A

Access to so many profiles leads to the heuristic of “more options = better matches” causing us to expect perfection

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3
Q

How many adults have used online dating?

A

30%

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4
Q

What are the two most common methods of finding a partner?

A

1) through friends
2) online dating

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5
Q

What makes online dating successful?

A

Having a clear sense of what you are attracted to (most ppl don’t have this tho…)

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6
Q

Who are online dating apps most helpful for?

A

Ppl who are socially anxious or who just moved to a new city

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7
Q

Why might social media make you see your life in a negative light?

A

If you over-rely on it for socialization it may begin to replace more rewarding in-person interactions

Also, seeing ideal circumstances of others all the time

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8
Q

What can the perception of having a broad social network lead to?

Does this still work if it is online?

A

Lower stress and higher well-being

Yes! Online spaces can provide a space space for self-disclosure

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9
Q

What did Robert’s Case study show (from the textbook)

A

How quickly ppl form group identities and develop prejudice against an outgroup which can then lead to conflict

Also how group tasks can DEC prejudice!

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10
Q

If actual contact between social groups is not feasible, what can help to DEC prejudice?

A

Imagining positive contact between the groups

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11
Q

what is contact hypothesis

A

The proposal that prejudice can be reduce with
-santioned + (friendly and co-operative) interactions
-where members of diff. groups work together
-and where authority groups support the social change (Required!!)

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12
Q

How does contact hypothesis work?

A

Encourgaes empathy and perspective-taking

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13
Q

Who did the soccer study that showed the contact hypothesis in action?

A

S. Mousa

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14
Q

What is prejudice?

A

An adverse opinion you have without just grounds or sufficient knowledge

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15
Q

What 2 things can DEC prejudice?

A

Contact hypothesis

Shifting the social norm towards inclusion

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16
Q

What is Stigmatizing

A

When you regard/describe something as being worthy of disgrace or great disaproval

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17
Q

What do diversity training programs do?

A

Help to reduce stereotypes

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18
Q

Why are stereotypes bad?

A

Because although they can sometimes capture meaningful average differences between groups they rarely describe every individual in a group

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19
Q

What is kin selection?

A

The evolved tendency to help family thus ensuring that our genes get reproduced

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20
Q

What is a stereotype?

A

A mental representation or schema we have about a group

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21
Q

Why do we use stereotypes

A

they save energy (use autonomic system)

They are also learned early in life via the media and the ppl around us

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22
Q

What is empathy?

A

The ability to mentally simulate another’s suffering

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23
Q

How can we become more empathetic?

A

make it easier to simulate another’s suffering

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24
Q

What makes you more likely to help someone?

A

Empathy

If helping them goes with your goals/motivations

Norm of reciprocity

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25
What makes empathy more difficult?
When a person is more different to you
26
What is the norm of reciprocity
The automatic tendency to help someone who has helped us in the past or who we expect to help us in the future
27
What is prosocial behaviour?
An innate tendency to do things that help others reach their goals even if they may hinder ours
28
Why do we have prosocial behaviour?
We need to see ourselves positively INC odds of genetic survival Benefits society as a whole and societies that trust each other and cooperate are more successful We hope they will do the same
29
What is "Infant-Helping Bias"
Infants prefer helpful ppl and seem to dislike ppl that seem selfish
30
What is "Individual Bias" (I made up this name)
It is easier for us to empathize with a single identified person in a crisis than a large group bc we struggle to process mass tragedy and feel unable to help with it
31
What does science say abt agression and videogames/gun-exposure/violent media?
Can INC agressive feelings/thoughts/impulses in the short term but not forever and also not linked to criminal acts of violence
32
What two varibles affect wether or not someone will become agressive?
Stable Traits (Personality) ex: quick to irritation Specific Circumstances (Situation) ex: pressure to get to work on time
33
What are the steps in the general aggression model?
Variables determine whether or not something is a trigger Trigger leads to reaction (emotional/physical/cognitive) Reaction leads to decision (Impulsive or thoughtful)
34
When is aggression typically triggered?
When we perceive a threat to our belonging or acceptance
35
Is the aggression questionnaire reliable?
yes!
36
What is aggression?
Behavior with the goal of harming another living being
37
what are some examples of potential aggression triggers?
-personal insults -feeling like your goals are annoying, frustrating or uncomfortable
38
What are some individual determinants of aggression?
Gender, Cultural norms, upbringing, Personality traits
39
What makes Milgram study participants less likely to obey
-If the victim is closer to them -If the experimenter seems less authoritative (not in the room, not from well-known uni,ect.) -If they see someone else not harm the learner
40
How many ppl obeyed in the Milgram experiment?
60%
41
How can authority be good?
Keeps us safe Good leaders can bring awarenes to important causes or maximize collective good Create respect for other ppl (ex: quieting down when told to shush)
42
How can authority be bad?
Unquestioning obedience to leaders that fail to protect
43
Give an example of a hierarchical system in our society
Your family Your school Your workplace
44
What is the appeal to authority fallacy
We are more likly to believe authority figures even if they talk abt things they aren't experts in ex: I am going to eat beets while I am sick bc jennie from blackpink says it will cure me but she is a pop star and not a doctor (this is a made up pls example don't sue me)
45
what are two ways to gain influence as a leader?
1) show competence (earns respect) 2) Show dominance (inspires fear)
46
How can collaboration be good?
In general tends to boost motivation
47
What is social loafing?
When someone spends less effort during a collaboration -less likely if the task is interesting/challenging or they are being held accountable for their work -More likely if they feel like their contributions are unimportant or anonymous
48
How would a personality psychologist vs social psychologist answer the question "Why do we choke under pressure?"
Social: An audience causes this response in all ppl Personality: Some ppl get more anxious about performance than others bc they have that trait
49
What is social facilation
An enhancement of the dominant response when performing a task with an audience
50
What is the dominant response?
The most likely behavioral outcome -For something hard (like solving an organic chemistry problem) -> dominant response is failure -For something easy (like making an icecream sundae) -> dominant response is to succeed
51
What can make ppl act out of line with their beliefs or typical behaviour?
Deindividuation in larger groups Defined social rules due to conformity
52
Why did ppl say the wrong answer on purpose in the social conformity experiment?
They wanted to adapt to the social situation
53
Between men and women, who are more likely to conform in a group of the same gender?
Women
54
What is the biggest difference in the way parents treat children of different genders?
Encouragement to participate in specific activities
55
Give an example of social conformity
-Clapping when other ppl clap -Listening to kpop bc all your friends do -Waiting in line -Starting to eat vegetables bc your roomates all like vegatabless
56
What is social conformity?
The implicity process of mimicking/internalizing/adadopting the behaviours and preferences of the ppl around us
57
How can social conformity be good or bad?
Good: Lets us adapt to the social environment Bad: Sometimes leads to undesirable actions ex: bullying
58
What are social norms?
Patterns of behaviour/preferences/traditions that your culture approves -they are understood but don't need to be directly stated
59
Why do we conform to social norms?
We need to belong and form trusting relationships with other people
60
What is the difference between informational and Normative social influence?
Informative: When we conform bc we want to seem correct Normative: When we conform bc we want approval
61
what is the difference between social and personality psychology?
Social: How our behaviour changes with our environment Personality: How our behavior stays the same across situations due to stable traits
62
What are the core motivations of ppl?
-Perceiving ourselves and our groups positively -Belonging and forming trusting relationships with others -Understanding our world and feeling a sense of control over our actions and outcomes

Pysch 101 (8 decks)

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