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Pysch 101 > Unit 1-3 Alt > Flashcards

Unit 1-3 Alt Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain the 3 types of validity

A

ContructL how well did we operationalize
External: how well did we sample
Internal: how well did rule out other explanations

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2
Q

what is a confound

A

when experimental groups accidentlaly differ in smth other than the idependent variable

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3
Q

which type of validation is most important for experiments

A

internal

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4
Q

which type of validation is most important for descriptive studies

A

external

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5
Q

which type of validation is ALWAYS super important

A

contruct

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6
Q

explain the purpose of opiate receptors and how heroin hijakcs them

A

meant for endorphins
heroin has INC effect so you take it again
eventually you get opidoid tolerance - you need it to feel norma
in addicted brain lack = withdrawl, which is severe
leads to overodose (potential fatal dosage)
naloxone is an antagonist thus blocks the full effects

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7
Q

what do glial cells do

A

cellular glue + scfoolding to guide neurons to the right location, nourish, clena

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8
Q

where are electrical signals sent

A

between PNS and CNS

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9
Q

what is neurotransmission

A

when electrical signals made by APs are converted to neurotransmitters

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10
Q

what is a lesion

A

abnormal tissue from trauma or disease

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11
Q

what is wernicks’ area

A

region of neocortex near auditory cortex that supports language COMPREHENSION

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12
Q

what is broca’s area

A

region of neocortex near the motor cortex that controls SPEECH PRODUCTION

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13
Q

what is neurophysicoloyg

A

learning abt the brain by looking at altered function due to damage

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14
Q

what is phrenology

A

pesudoscinece claming skull bump sizes can help us determine personality or mental function

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15
Q

what is bias blind spot

A

not only is our intuition bad, but we tend to assume that it is right

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16
Q

what is the scientific method in pysch

A

systematically collecting and averaging objecive evidence across many ppl

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17
Q

what is the theory-data cycle

A

develop theory, collect data, compare to theory, repeat if confirms develop new theory if not .

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18
Q

which research method do we use to build support for our theories?

A

ALL of them COMBINED

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19
Q

what is peer review

A

other experts in your field find pros and cons of what you did to ensure it is importnat, innovative and well-conductive

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20
Q

what is a variable

A

smth with at least 2 values (a measurable form of a construct [an abstract concept ex: happiness])

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21
Q

what are measured vs manipulated variables

A

measured: in all studies - observed and recorded
manipulatied: only in experiments - controlled by researcher who gives diff levels to diff groups

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22
Q

what are primary sensory areas?

A

the first parts of the brain to get info from their respective sensory nerves (the brain has a region for each of the 5 sense)

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23
Q

what are association areas

A

integrate info from diff sensory areas and relates to existing knowledge to get a meanignful idea of the world. seems to be the key to higher thinking

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24
Q

where are association areas

A

in every lobe

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25
Q

what is contralateral organization

A

left side controlled by right side of brain and vise versa. not noticable bc of quick corpus callosum communicatoin

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26
Q
A
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27
Q

what is corpus callosum

A

“tough body” it connects the sides for quick coms

28
Q

what are 3 ways we learn abt the brain

A

fMRI
MRI
post-mortem biopsies

29
Q

what is MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging
-strong mag field around person makes H bonds act up so we get a stack of brain cross section images

30
Q

what is fMRI

A

same but now we can see what parts have oxygen rich blood and what parts have less oxygenated blood

31
Q

what are nerves

A

collection of neurons

32
Q

what is nervous system

A

network of neurons thorughout the body and brain

33
Q

how do we divide the nervous system

A

CNS (brain and spinal cord) and PNS (somatic and autonomic [sympatheic and parasympathetic])

34
Q

what does the CNS do

A

lets us transfer info between the brain and body via electric signals. brain is like a supercomputer

35
Q

what is the spinal cord

A

a bundle of nerves that signals between the body and the brain

36
Q

what does the somatic system do

A

voluntary movement from CNS to muscolskeletal system + sensory info to CNS

37
Q

what does the autonomic system do

A

non-voluntary movement inside the body

38
Q

what does the sympathetic system do

A

prep for action ex: fight or flight, taking a test, giving a speech

39
Q

what does the parasympatheic system do?

A

return to rest ex: rest, and digest, watch Tv, hang with friends

40
Q

what are the 3 neuron types

A

motor: brain to muscle (downwards path)
sensory: sensory organ to CNs (upwards path)
inter: between neurons. retrieve, interpret and store info abt the world to make decisions

41
Q

what are the 3 parts we see in the brain during early womb development

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

42
Q

what is the neocortex

A

wrinkly part of the brain that is most of the cerebral cortex. it develops late adlolescent/early adult hood

43
Q

what is the cerebral cortex

A

the largest and most outer part of the brain

44
Q

waht does the insular lobe do

A

mouth feels, taste, internal organs perception

45
Q

what does the temporal lobe do

A

hearing sound and understanding language + object recognition
Includes auditory cortex

46
Q

what does the occipital lobe do

A

most of vision. it interprets light so we need it to see.
Includes visual cortex

47
Q

what does the parietal lobe do

A

touch interpretation + focusing on objects to support vision.
includes somatosensory cortex

48
Q

what does the frontal lobe do

A

movement (has motor cortex) + interacting with surroundings + higher cognitinon (planning, organizatoin, self-control, learning, decison makong, focusing,ect.)

49
Q

what expands during adult plasticity periods

A

the areas that control certain functions

50
Q

what is damage plasticity

A

brain mods after an injury via brain reorganization

51
Q

what is phantaom limb syndrom

A

brian thinks limb still there- causes pain - brain needs to reorganize - can be helped with mirror therapy

52
Q

what are critical periods

A

periods in eraly life when specifc experiences are needed for normal development of specifc characteristics ex: language

53
Q

what is neuroplasticity

A

brains ability to modifty, regen and reinvent itself over its life

54
Q

what kills neurons

A

-excess alchol
-shaking to hit to head
-disease (alzehimener, parkinisons , huntingtons, ect.)

55
Q

what is adult plasticity

A

when we grow neruons due to learnign and memory

56
Q

what is neurogenesis

A

formation of new neurons in adulthhood

57
Q

what can cause neurogeneiss

A

exercise, learning skills/lagnuages, maybe some chemicals post-stroke

58
Q

give and example of low and high heritabilty

A

low: taste in colours
high: hair colour

59
Q

what may be due to environmental impact on gene experession

A

health variation amongst socio-economic classses

60
Q

explain dissociation and double dissociation

A

dissociation: tells us what controls one thing but not another thing
double: two disscoiations which leave no gaps in knowledge

61
Q

what is behavioural genetics

A

study of how genetic factors influence trait variation among indiivduals

62
Q

genotype vs alle vs phenotyp

A

genotype: genetic experession/gene set
alllel: variant form of a gene. we have 2 for each gene
phentotype: observable traits due to genes + enviorment

63
Q

what is gene experession

A

turning off genes in particular cells. this determine how they function

ex: himilayna rabbits growing up in cold have brown spots, warm climate has none

64
Q

what is heredity

A

individaul traits passing down

65
Q

what is heritability

A

amount of genetic influence there is on the variance of a trait in a large group

Pysch 101 (8 decks)

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