Unit 8 Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

Radiation is defined as

A

energy traveling through space

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2
Q

Ionizing radiation is

A

radiation that has so much energy it can knock electrons out of atoms (ionization)

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3
Q

Two types of ionizing radiation

A

Particulate energy (highly energetic protons, neutrons, and a and b particles)

Electromagnetic energy (photons such as gamma rays and X-rays)

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4
Q

Alpha particle

A

Low penetration power, can be stopped by paper, if swallowed very harmful, can enter through open wounds/inhalation

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5
Q

Beta Particle

A

Has moderate penetrating power,can penetrate the skin up to 2 cm, clothing can provide protection

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6
Q

Radioactivity is

A

the spontaneous emission of radiation from the nucleus of an unstable atom

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7
Q

Absorbed Dose

A

The radiation energy absorbed per unit mass of an organ/tissue, how much radiation an object or person has absorbed

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8
Q

Effective Dose (Dose Equivalent)

A

Describes amount of radiation absorbed, adjusted for type of radiation and effect on particular organs

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9
Q

Becquerel:

A

Curie (corresponds to radioactivity)

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10
Q

Gray:

A

Rad (radiation absorbed)

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11
Q

Sievert:

A

Rem (dose related to biological effect)

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12
Q

Coulomb:

A

Roentegen (corresponds to exposure)

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13
Q

Fukushima question:

Describe the earthquake

A

Tohoku earthquake was a 9.0 undersea earthquake, one of the strongest ever recorded

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14
Q

Fukushima question:

Describe the tsunami

A

The earthquake triggered a massive tsunami with waves reaching up to 40 meters. It eventually hit the power plant approximately 50 minutes after the earthquake, leading to severe damage.

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15
Q

Fukushima question:

Approximately how many killed and homeless?

A

20k people killed, 500k people homeless

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16
Q

Fukushima question:

Nuclear disaster explain

A

Tsunami waves overwhelmed plant’s seawall and flooded basements, disabled diesel generators, compromised power supply and cooling of three reactors, leading to overheating and meltdown, releasing radioactive materials into the environment

17
Q

What is unique about both Chernobyl and Fukushima as nuclear disasters?

A

They are only ones ranked seven at severity on International Nuclear Event Scale

18
Q

Explain Chernobyl accident

A

Disaster occurred during a late-night safety test which simulated power outage. There was an uncontrollable reaction, resulting in massive explosion/fire that released large amounts of radioactive particles into the atmosphere.

19
Q

What is the only notable increase in prevalence of disease at Chernobyl?

A

Thyroid cancer

20
Q

What was the town at Chernobyl called?

A

Pripyat

21
Q

Natural sources of ionizing radiation

A

Cosmic rays, other forms of radiation that impinge upon earth from outer space, radiation from geologic formations that contain radioactive elements

22
Q

Anthropogenic sources of ionizing radiation

A

X-rays, consumer products, nuclear power generators, radioactive substances used in industry

23
Q

Nucliide

A

Any species of atom that exists for a measurable length of time

24
Q

What forms of waves are ionizing?

A

X-rays, gamma rays

25
Q

Extremely Low Frequency radiation hertz range

A

50 to 60

26
Q

Cell phone emission range

A

900 to 1800 megahertz