Chapter 5 Part 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Four main symptoms of arboviral diseases

A
  1. Acute CNS
  2. Acute benign fevers
  3. Hemorrhagic fevers
  4. Polyarthiritis/rash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Agent of arboviral encephalitides

A

Encephalitis virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vector of arboviral encephalitis

A

Mosquitoes, ticks, and other arthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the reservoir of arboviral encephalitis?

A

Wild birds and small animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Symptoms of arboviral encephalitis

A

Most people are asymptomatic, however 5-10% get inflammation of brain, spinal cord, and meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Agent of West Nile virus

A

Flavivirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reservoir of West Nile virus

A

Birds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vector of West Nile virus

A

Mosquitoes (Culex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptomatic percentages of West Nile

A

Most get no symptoms, 1 in 5 develop fever and other systems, 1 in 150 develop a serious, sometimes, fatal illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which viruses have a vaccine?

A

Equine for arboviral, dengue, ebola, rift valley fever, rabies, anthrax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define emerging zoonoses.

A

Zoonotic diseases caused by new or known agents occurring in locales or species that previously did not appear to be affected by those known agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Factors associated with the rise of emerging zoonoses

A
  • Ecological changes that result from agricultural practices (deforestation, conversion of grasslands, irrigation)
  • Other factors such as change in human population and behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

A

Bunyaviridae virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vector of Hantavrius

A

Rodents, transmitted when airborne urine and droppings from infected rodents are inhaled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Main host of hantavirus

A

Deer mouse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Agent of dengue fever

A

Flaviviruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vector for dengue fever

A

Aedes aegypti mosquito

18
Q

Where does dengue fever primarily occur?

A

Tropical areas

19
Q

Reservoir for dengue fever

A

Monkeys

20
Q

Three stages of dengue fever

A

Febrile phase (fever, headache), critical phase (hypotension, gastrointestinal bleeding), recovery phase (altered consciousness, seizure, coma, death)

21
Q

Which of these is caused by bacteria?

A

Tularemia, anthrax, psittacosis

22
Q

Zika vector

A

Mosquito (aedes species)

23
Q

Reservoirs for zika

A

Monkeys, bats, domestic animals, rodents

24
Q

Zika symptoms

A

Usually none, and if exist, mild such as fever, rash, headache, joint pain, red eyes, muscle pain

25
Q

How can one get ebola? (3 ways)

A

Contact with blood, fluids from trained animal meat, or infected person

26
Q

Reservoir for ebola

A

Monkeys, bats, non-human primates being most likely source

27
Q

How many types of ebola?

A

6, of which only 4 are known to cause disease in people

28
Q

Country where ebola was discovered

A

DRC

29
Q

Ebola symptoms

A

Course typically progresses from “dry” (fever, aches, pains, fatigue) to “wet” (diarrhea, vomiting)

30
Q

Anthrax agent

A

Bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis

31
Q

How is anthrax transmitted?

A

Contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products

32
Q

4 types of anthrax

A
  1. Cutaneous (group of small blisters or bumps that turn into ulcers, 5-20% fatality rate)
  2. Inhalation (fever and chills, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, tiredness)
  3. Gastrointestinal (bloody vomiting, bloody diarrhea, fever and chills, everything)
  4. Injection (group of small blisters that can create abscesses)
33
Q

Treatment for anthrax

A

Antibiotics, antitoxins, continuous fluid drainage, mechanical ventilation

34
Q

Example of anthrax bioterrorism

A

Dr. Bruce Ivins, in 2011, sent powdered anthrax spores in letters mailed through US postal system, causing 5 deaths and 22 infections

35
Q

Agent of psittacosis

A

Chlamydia psittaci

36
Q

Symptoms of psittacosis

A

Mild respiratory distress, pneumonia

37
Q

Where is Rift Valley Fever most commonly seen?

A

Domesticated animals in sub-saharan Africa

38
Q

How is Rift Valley fever spread?

A

Contact with blood, body fluids, tissues of infected animals, bites from infected mosuqitoes

39
Q

Symptoms of Rift Valley Fever

A

Mostly no symptoms or mild illness, small percentage (8-10%) develop much more severe symptoms such as eye disease, hemorrhage, and encephalitis

40
Q

How does monkey pox transmit?

A

Through broken skin, respiratory tract, or mucous membranes