Unit 8 Processing woods Flashcards
What are the categories of timber processes?
Fabrication processes are grouped into categories
Categories include addition, forming, and wasting processes.
What does ‘addition’ refer to in timber processes?
Joining methods
Addition involves techniques to join pieces of timber together.
What is the purpose of forming processes in timber fabrication?
To modify the shape by bending
Forming processes involve altering the shape of timber without removing material.
What do wasting processes do in timber fabrication?
Wear away material
Wasting processes involve removing material to achieve the desired shape.
Fill in the blank: Fabrication processes are grouped into _______.
[categories]
True or False: Addition in timber processes includes removing material.
False
Addition refers to joining methods, not removing material.
What is the purpose of different joints in woodworking?
Different joints are used for different applications.
Can a box or carcass use different joints?
Yes, a box or carcass may use different joints to some framework; some joints are suitable for both.
What factors may affect the choice of joint?
The angle and strength required of the joint may affect the joint choice.
What considerations should be made when making a joint?
The time and skill required to make a joint and the number of times a joint has to be repeated must be considered.
How does the scale of production affect joint choice?
The scale of production may affect the joints used.
What is the purpose of different joints in woodworking?
Different joints are used for different applications.
Can a box or carcass use different joints?
Yes, a box or carcass may use different joints to some framework; some joints are suitable for both.
What factors may affect the choice of joint?
The angle and strength required of the joint may affect the joint choice.
What considerations should be made when making a joint?
The time and skill required to make a joint and the number of times a joint has to be repeated must be considered.
How does the scale of production affect joint choice?
The scale of production may affect the joints used.
What is the unit focused on in this text?
Unit 8 Processing and working with woods
How many traditional joining methods are there?
There are six traditional joining methods you need to know.
Name one traditional joining method.
Comb joint
Name another traditional joining method.
Dovetail joint
Name another traditional joining method.
Housing joint
Name another traditional joining method.
Half-lap joint
Name another traditional joining method.
Dowel joint
Name the last traditional joining method.
Mortise and tenon
What are comb joints used for?
Comb joints are used to form boxes and carcasses.
They are also known as finger joints.
How is a comb joint constructed?
A comb joint is made from interlocking fingers that fit tightly together and are reinforced by glue.
What is the benefit of accurate work with comb joints?
Accurate work can result in a very strong, aesthetically pleasing joint.
What tools are best for creating comb joints?
Comb joints are best created using a router jig on natural or manufactured timbers or using a laser cutter on some materials.
What makes a comb joint stronger than a butt joint?
The interlocking design and reinforcement with glue make comb joints stronger than butt joints.
What is a housing joint commonly used for?
Shelves and dividers
Housing joints provide structural support for items like shelves.
How is a housing joint constructed?
A channel is cut through one piece of timber which houses a second perpendicular piece
This design allows for the integration of two pieces of wood at right angles.
What is a key characteristic of housing joints in terms of strength?
Fairly strong when supported with glue, can be used without glue for sliding parts
The joint’s strength increases significantly with adhesive application.
What is an advantage of making a housing joint?
Only one piece of timber needs to be machined
This simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces material waste.
How could housing joints be affected by shrinkage?
______
Shrinkage could lead to gaps or misalignment in the joint, affecting stability.
What are dovetail joints prized for?
Dovetail joints are prized for their strength and aesthetics.
What are dovetail joints ideal for?
Dovetail joints are ideal for cabinets and drawer construction.
What skill level is required to cut dovetail joints?
Dovetail joints demonstrate a high level of skill but can be cut fairly easily with a router and jig.
What do dovetail joints rely on for strength?
Dovetail joints rely on interlocking fingers and accurate marking and cutting for strength.
What is a unique feature of dovetail joints?
The dovetail shapes mean that these joints have superior directional strength.
Why are dovetail joints excellent for creating drawers?
Dovetail joints are excellent for creating drawers due to their strength and aesthetics.
What is a half-lap joint?
A versatile joining method that is easy to construct.
How is a half-lap joint made?
Made by two overlapping materials glued together.
Where is a half-lap joint commonly used?
Used in picture frames, doors, and cabinet making.
What are the advantages of a half-lap joint?
Quick and easy to make.
What is a disadvantage of a half-lap joint?
Not particularly strong.
What helps resist diagonal distortion in a half-lap joint?
The shoulder.
What components could reinforce a half-lap joint?
Cheek.
What are dowel joints?
Dowel joints are a quick, simple and effective method to join a variety of materials.
Where are dowel joints commonly used?
Dowel joints are used in frame and carcass construction, flat-pack furniture, and to reinforce edge to edge joints.
How are holes for dowel joints created?
Holes are machined easily with a drill, and jigs can be used to speed up the process further.
What types of materials are suitable for dowel joints?
Dowel joints are suitable for use in natural timbers and manufactured boards.
What is a cost-effective alternative to mortise and tenon joints?
Dowel joints are a cost-effective alternative to mortise and tenon joints.
What is a mortise and tenon joint?
A heavy duty joint used in load bearing timber frameworks.
What are the characteristics of a mortise and tenon joint?
It has high shear strength and is used in traditional building construction and frames for tables and chairs.
How can the tenon be secured in a mortise and tenon joint?
The tenon may be glued or pinned in place. Alternatively, wedges can be used to secure it, adding an aesthetic feature.
How has the mortise and tenon joint been adapted for modern use?
This joint has been developed to be made easily using CNC machines and is often used in flat-pack furniture.
What question arises when working with mortise and tenon joints?
How could you machine these shapes?
What is the benefit of interlocking fingers in woodworking?
Interlocking fingers increase surface area for gluing.
How does a tight fit between fingers affect strength in woodworking?
A tight fit between fingers increases strength.
What is a visual characteristic of finger joints in woodworking?
Fingers create a repeated pattern that is considered aesthetically pleasing.
What is the purpose of friction in a mortice and tenon joint?
Friction increases the stability of the joint.
How does the shape of a mortice and tenon joint benefit its strength?
The shape of the joint increases the surface area for glue.
What role does the tenon play in a mortice and tenon joint?
The tenon provides shear strength.
What is a dovetail joint?
A dovetail joint consists of interlocking sections that increase surface area for gluing.
How does the fit between fingers in a dovetail joint affect strength?
The tight fit between fingers increases the strength of the joint.
In what directions does a dovetail joint provide strength?
A dovetail joint provides excellent strength in all directions.
What makes a dovetail joint especially strong under pulling forces?
The dovetail shape makes the joint especially strong when subjected to a pulling force.
What aesthetic quality do the fingers of a dovetail joint create?
The fingers create a repeated pattern that is considered aesthetically pleasing.
What are some aesthetic benefits of joints in woodworking?
Many joints are prized for their aesthetics.
Which types of joints create repeated patterns?
Dovetail and comb joints create repeated patterns along the joint.
How can contrasting woods be used in joints?
Woods with contrasting colours can be used to accentuate a joint.
What purpose can joints serve in design?
Joints can be used to highlight a design feature.
What do well-made traditional joints demonstrate?
Well-made traditional joints demonstrate great skill.
What is a disadvantage of traditional joining methods?
What are the disadvantages of traditional joining methods?
What is the focus of Unit 8?
Processing and working with wood.
What is a benefit of joining with bought-in components?
Requires less time and skill.
What types of fittings should you know about for joining wood?
Wood screws, nuts and bolts, coach bolts, and knock down (KD) fittings.
What is the most common type of screw?
The most common type of screw is the Pozi-drive.
What are other commonly available screw types?
Philips and slot head screws are also commonly available.
Why is it essential to choose the correct driver bit?
It’s essential to choose a driver bit of the correct size and shape to avoid damaging the screw, driver bit, or workpiece.
Do self-tapping screws always need a pre-drilled pilot hole?
Self-tapping screws don’t always need a pre-drilled pilot hole.
What is the advantage of twin drive threads?
Twin drive threads drive into timber in half the time.
How could you damage the wood when using a screw?
Damage could occur if the incorrect driver bit is used, or if excessive force is applied.
What are the different characteristics of screws?
Screws are available in different lengths and widths, with a variety of head shapes and finishes.
What materials are screws commonly made from?
Most screws are made from mild steel and are then plated in brass, zinc, chrome, or another non-corrosive metal.
What is the purpose of countersunk screw heads?
Screw heads are often countersunk so the screw hole can be filled or plugged.
What is a feature of domed screw heads?
Others have a domed head which can make a feature of the joint.
What is an advantage of using screws?
Screws are quick to install and can join dissimilar materials.
What is the purpose of pre-drilled clearance and pilot holes?
They reduce the risk of wood splitting when a screw is inserted.
What do pilot holes allow?
They allow the core of the screw to pass into the material while the thread bites into the sides.
What is the function of clearance holes?
They allow components to drop in and out without friction.
When are clearance holes required?
They are required when using nuts and bolts.
What are nuts and bolts used for?
Nuts and bolts can be used as a temporary or permanent fixing.
What are the different head shapes of bolts?
Bolts have a variety of different head shapes, including countersunk.
Can nuts and bolts join dissimilar materials?
Yes, bolts can be used to join dissimilar materials.
How can nuts and bolts be used with washers?
Nuts and bolts can be used with washers to create moving or folding parts, e.g., a deck chair.
In what industries are nuts and bolts commonly used?
Nuts and bolts are used in construction and the manufacture of large furniture frameworks such as beds and chairs.
What are nuts and bolts used for?
Nuts and bolts can be used as a temporary or permanent fixing.
What are the different head shapes of bolts?
Bolts have a variety of different head shapes, including countersunk.
Can nuts and bolts join dissimilar materials?
Yes, bolts can be used to join dissimilar materials.
How can nuts and bolts be used with washers?
Nuts and bolts can be used with washers to create moving or folding parts, e.g., a deck chair.
In what industries are nuts and bolts commonly used?
Nuts and bolts are used in construction and the manufacture of large furniture frameworks such as beds and chairs.
What are coach bolts used for?
Coach bolts are used to build wooden structures such as summer houses, benches, and sheds.
How can coach bolts be identified?
Coach bolts are identified by a square section just under the head of the bolt.
What preparation is needed for using coach bolts?
Materials must be prepared with a pre-drilled hole.
How is the fixing of coach bolts tightened?
The fixing is tightened with a spanner or socket set.
What is the function of the square section of a coach bolt?
The square section embeds into the wood and prevents the bolt from spinning during assembly.
Can coach bolts be removed after installation?
Once installed, it’s impossible to remove from the head.
Why might the inability to remove coach bolts be a useful feature?
This feature ensures the stability and security of the assembled structure.
What is a quick and easy way to reinforce butt joints?
Screws are a quick and easy way of reinforcing butt joints.
What components can be used to join hardware such as hinges?
Screws, nuts, bolts, and coach bolts can be used to join hardware such as hinges and closures.
What tools can be used to cut pilot and clearance holes?
Simple tools can be used to cut pilot and clearance holes for one-offs.
How can production be scaled up in wood processing?
Production can be scaled up using CNC.
What are the benefits of using screws and bolts in wood processing?
These components make strong, reliable joints and can be used as decorative features too.
What are knock down (KD) fittings?
KD fittings offer strong but collapsible joints ideal for flat-pack furniture and fitted kitchens.
What materials can KD fittings work with?
KD fittings are designed to work with both manufactured and natural timbers and can join dissimilar materials.
How easy is it to install KD fittings?
Once a product’s parts have been machined, KD fittings are easy to install with simple tools.
What is the purpose of glue-free dowel joints in KD fittings?
Glue-free dowel joints are used to help locate parts and add stability.
What are the benefits of KD furniture for consumers and manufacturers?
KD furniture benefits both the consumer and manufacturer by providing strong, collapsible joints that facilitate easy assembly and disassembly.
What are knock down (KD) fittings?
KD fittings offer strong but collapsible joints ideal for flat-pack furniture and fitted kitchens.
What materials can KD fittings work with?
KD fittings are designed to work with both manufactured and natural timbers and can join dissimilar materials.
How easy is it to install KD fittings?
Once a product’s parts have been machined, KD fittings are easy to install with simple tools.
What is the purpose of glue-free dowel joints in KD fittings?
Glue-free dowel joints are used to help locate parts and add stability.
What are the benefits of KD furniture for consumers and manufacturers?
KD furniture benefits both the consumer and manufacturer by providing strong, collapsible joints that facilitate easy assembly and disassembly.
What are KD fittings used for?
KD fittings can be used to join boards edge to edge and build carcasses and frameworks for furniture.
What are some examples of KD fittings?
Examples include barrel nut and bolt, cam fittings, and modesty blocks.
