unit 1 Papers and Boards Flashcards
What is paper made from?
Cellulose fibres from plants
What are the sources of Cellulose fibres?
flax, hemp, straw, cotton, bamboo, wood
What does the best cellulose fibres come from?
Wood due too quality of the fibres length and strength.
What goes into making paper?
chipped wood
acetic acid
fillers
brightening agent
lots of water
How to get wood free pulp?
the solution is heated to 140 degrees which produces a fibrous liquid known as pulp. The water is filtered then reused.
What are paper qualities?
Whiteness
Opacity
Strength
Absorbency
Finish
Cost
What are the five ingredients of paper that can be tweaked?
source of cellulose fibres
fillers that smooth the finish
sizing agents
calendaring process
additional finishes
What are sizing agents?
Chemicals added to the pulp to reduce absorbency
What is internal sizing?
added to the pulp and affects papers quality and the papers ability to run smoothly through machines
What is surface sizing?
added to improve strength, reduce absorbency and improves print ability
What are the two main coating finishes
Clay
Polyethylene
What does coated paper do?
reduce ink absorption
What is uncoated paper?
not treated with any sealant and allows fast absorption of water or ink.
What are the names of paper and board finishes?
Matte
Satin
Gloss
Felt
Textures
What does a matte finish do?
smooth, dull in appearance and good for any high quality print job
What does a satin finish do?
low reflective levels than gloss paper but more than matte paper
What does a gloss finish do?
a shiny higher quality coated paper
What does Felt, wove and velum finishes do?
smooth textures
What is the elmendorf tear test?
It calculates how much force is used to CONTINUE a tear in sample
What is another way to measure the strength of paper and boards?
subject them to an impact force
What is die cutting?
paper and board can be cut, scored, perforated and creased in one action with a die cutter
How does a die cutter work?
metal rules or blades are embedded in the desired shape in the laser cut plywood form
What is creasing?
Make a line that is permanently present after material has been creased
What is folding?
to create a shape
What is scoring?
the same process as cutting but the blade doesn’t go all the way through the material
What are perforations?
Small cuts in paper to allow for portions to be folded or torn off with accuracy
What are the tools used for cutting and scoring?
Safety rule
cutting mat
scalpel for cutting
blunt edge knife
What is the process used to make shapes in, or out of cards and boards called?
die cutting
What are the advantages of using die cutting?
quicker per item, cheap running costs, sharper cuts, all the same consistency
How is papers weight measured?
grams per square meter
What are paper based materials that weigh more that 220gsm classified as?
boards
What is board measured in?
microns
What are the three series of paper sizes?
A, B or C
What is A series of paper used for?
standard trimmed paper stock
What are the B series used for?
alternative sizes often used in industry
What are the C series used for?
envelopes
What are commercial untrimmed sizes of paper?
RA series being 105% of A series
SAR series being 115% of A series
What is corrugated card?
one or two flat outer layers, and a corrugated medium
What are the properties of corrugated card?
flexible, good strength
Shock absorbing, light weight, good for packing
What are the different corrugated or fluted boards like?
single wall: 3000 - 5000
double wall 6000 - 10000
triple wall 12000 - 15000
What makes a good package?
The outer layer can be printed on
Readily available in different sizes
fully recyclable
cheap
What is tracing paper?
good for overlaying or transferring images
relatively hard and strong
usually around 40-120
acid is used to treat paper
What are the properties of layout paper?
off white colour
not as strong as tracing
good for tracing ideas
often used in a sketch pad
takes pencil well
What are the properties of bleed proof paper?
It does not allow ink or solvent based pens to bleed
70gsm
What are the properties of cartridge paper?
takes various drawing media well
slightly textured finish
What are the properties of water colour paper?
Absorbent
with stand large amounts of water
matte finish
What are the three types of photo paper?
Inkjet paper
Laser paper
Photographic paper
What are the properties of inkjet paper?
has non-porous surface so image stays sharp
What are the properties of laser paper?
has surface coating designed to permit the plastic particles in toner to melt and bond onto the surface of the paper
What are the photographic paper properties?
has a photosensitive coating, reacts to light and the image develops over short time
What are mount board properties?
structurally strong
available in wide range of colours
normally has a white core
good making final models
What are bleached card properties?
Used for packaging and greeting cards
holds print well
What are duplex board properties?
The top layer is normally white
It is food safe
it folds cuts and prints well
What are the properties of foil backed and laminated card?
Foil create and impermeable layer of protection
Polyethylene is uses as a food safe liner
What are Tetra-Paks six layers?
74% paperboard
22% polyethylene
4% aluminium foil
What are the benefits of Tetra-Pak?
Perfect for storage of liquid foods and beverages
Foil layer insulates and protects
Contents remain sterile for a long time
What are the properties metal effect card?
matte and shiny gloss tones
laminated versions
What are the properties of molded paper pulp?
Economical
limited print ability
List the suitability of producing vehicle signage using a digital printed image
Full colour
Large format
Costly
Limited UV resistance
List the suitability of producing vehicle signage using a plotter cut vinyl
Limited range of colours
Only simple text
good resistance to UV light
Can be scaled without loosing quality
What is the construction of a foam board?
made with a polystyrene foam core and a kraft paper facing liners.
Why is foam board is a suitable material for the manufacture of an architectural model
lightweight material
easily cut
Discuss the environmental issues of using embossing as a chosen print finish
can be easily recycled
can be on FSC certified papers, card
Describe the process of die cutting
a steel cutter blades is folded and shaped into the profile or shape
The environmental impact of cardboard
100% recycled material
Trees used for corrugated cardboard
Water and air pollution is greater when producing cardboard
