unit 15 Flashcards
carbon footprint
measures the impact of greenhouse emissions.sum of all emissions caused by your activities in a year
hoe can we offset co2 emissions
planting trees
use electric vehicles
choosing renewable energy
plastics
waste plastic is a big problem
low cost and durable
effects of climate change
melting sea ice
desertification and loss of habitats
extreme weather conditions
effects of deforestation
habitats are lost
deforestation leads to soil erosion and flooding
linear economy
works on the principles of take, make and dispose.
often from finite resources
not made to be recycled,reused
simply disposed at end of life
the natural answer
works in a circular way
plant grows from seed
animals feed
seeds are spread as droppings
predation enables supply of energy for animal to animal
circular economy
rethink the way we make and use products to re-balance our consumption.
designing products can be maintained
manufacturing using renewable or alternative energy
using sustainable or recycled materials
fairtrade
about better prices, better working conditions fait terms for farmers and workers in less economically developed countries
little sun
founded in 2012 objective to bring back solar energy to those who are without electricity
why is solar energy good
reduces energy costs and co2 emissions
brings social,medical,educational benefits
affordable energy
cradle to cradle(c2c)
new approach to design and manufacture that fits into the ethos of the circular economy.
reuse any waste
holistic approach to design
reduction in carbon footprint
cleaning any waste water
elimating use of toxic materials
smile plastics
uses 100% recycled plastic waste to produce new materials
people power
launched a crusade against the use of single use plastic products
materials matter
limiting use of finite resources
designing products with lower integrated materials
processing materials using sustainable energy
recharge
battery technology developing in ways to reduce impact on the environment
replacing disposable batteries
pack it in
consider amount of packaging used to contain products
sorted
products should be manufactured in a way that makes them easy to disassemble to easily recycle them
life cycle assessment
Extraction(resource)
production(transformation assembly)
distribution(logistics transport)
use(operation maintenance reuse)
recycling (end of life)
advantages of global manufacture
greater flexibility
utilise greater manufacturing facilities abroad
economic savings due to lower abroad costs
access to larger workforces
renewable energy
comes from sustainable sources which create little/no waste/pollutants
do not release co2
solar energy
first photovoltaic cells(1839)
1958 photovoltaic panels
further products developed increased efficiency and lowered cost
wind energy
1887 windmill for electricity
1991 first wind farm
hydroelectric power (HEP)
dammed/flowing water fed/pumped through pipes that drive water turbine and generator.
tidal barrages ad wave power
tidal power is created by the motion of the outgoing ocean tides.
wave energy captures and converts into kinetic energy of waves as they roll and break
geothermal
harness the earths internal heat and pressure to generate energy
hot water under earths crust extracted and used directly in heating systems
biomass
derived from organic material often obtained from waste generated by other industries including
veg waste
conserving energy
updating old/inefficent machines
reducing product miles
reusing/reporpusing waste
minimising waste
scrap/off cuts can be recycled
organic waste can be recovered
recovering waste and grey water
QA
procedure or system which is followed in order to achieve the desired level of quality
what does a QA involve
measurements of variables
comparisons with specifications
constant monitoring of processes
using feedback loops to prevent errors
what do you need to know a QA for
waste reduction
accurate manufacturing
applying tolerances
simple planning systems
simple way is to use a flowchart
flowchart a workflow process usually read top to bottom left to right.
highlight critical points allow for feedback
what does a Gantt chart show?
phases of a project
individual tasks
key milestones
required resources
usually shown on the vertical axis whilst timing is shown on the horizontal
What is Total quality Management (TQM)
aim is to improve efficiency and eliminate waste in all ares of production
TQM features include
integrated strategies and systems
employee involvement
communication
constant feedback
continuous improvement
What are QA systems?
total quality management
scrum
six sigma
critical path analysis
What are some measuring tools?
rulers, calipers, gauges
digital micrometers
laser and probe scanners
a dial test indicator
What do tools require when measuring materials
datum point
accurate reference
What is tolerance?
This is a margin for error that can apply to hole depth, length, angle, thickness, weight, elasticity
What are go-no go gauges
used to test components to see if sizes fall within a given tolerance
What do all products have to be during quality control checks
within the tolerance
What is QC?
ensures a products standards are met
What do visual quality checks supply
supplied materials comply
parts and components are within tolerance
finished products and components match
standards
What is coordinate measuring machinery used for
to check the measurements of finished components
What is probe scanning?
uses a calibrated probe pin and highly sensitive sensors
tests dimensional accuracy
can scan dynamically along a surface
enables comparison of points
What is an example of non contact coordinated measuring machines
laser scanning
what is laser scanning?
uses a laser reflected off the surfaces of a product
can take thousands of accurate measurements quickly
can spot potential wear and tear in a system and accurately predict maintenance
What is non destructive testing
checking the internal structure of materials or manufactured parts
what is an example of non destructive testing
ultra sound
x-ray analysis
