Unit 8 Peds Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Why are children less likely to tell the truth about pain?

A

They feel guilt

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2
Q

What are some general manifestations of pain n children?

A

Physiological changes: RR, BP, HR, etc

Behavioral changes: facial expressions, body movements, crying, screaming, teeth clenching, saying “ow”, kicking

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3
Q

How would a pre-schooler, school ager, and adolescent respond to pain?

A

Pre-schooler = thinks pain is punishment/feels guilty

School-ager = responds to pain with muscle rigidity and withdrawing

Adolescent = responds stoically (tough) to pain, might be afraid to show emotions

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4
Q

What is the pain assessment mnemonic QUESTT?

A

Q = Question the child

U = Use a reliable pain scale

E = Evaluate child’s behavior and physiologic changes to establish a baseline and determine effectiveness of intervention

S = Secure the parent’s envolvement

T = Take the cause of pain into account when intervening

T= Take action

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5
Q

When should the QUESTT assessment be performed?

A

When taking VS, before and after procedures, after medication administration, etc

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6
Q

Describe what each of the following pain scales are. Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). FLACC scale. FACES and OUCHER scale. Visual analog and numeric scale. Adolescent pediatric pain tool scale.

A

NIPS = Look at facial expression and body movements to determine a score.

FLACC = categories are face, legs, activity, cry, consolability, scored for a point total

FACES and OUCHER = point to face you’re feeling

Visual analog and numeric = 0-10 scale

Adolescent peds pain tool = Draw where pain is, pick descriptions from choices.

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7
Q

What pain scale would be good for an Infant, Toddler, Preschooler, School age, and Adolescent?

A
Infant = NIPS
Toddler = FLACC and FACES
Preshooler = FACES
School age = FACES and numeric 
Adolescent = Numeric
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8
Q

What is the overall goal of pain management?

A

Free of pain as evidenced by appropriate VS and < 3 on numeric scale

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9
Q

Describe Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, Morphine Sulfate, Codeine, Naloxone in pain mamangement.

A

Acetaminophen: analgesic, antipyretic.
-Watch for toxicity, liver affected

Ibuprofen: NSAID, for minor to moderate pain even severe pain.

  • Anti-inflammatory, must be at least 6 months old.
  • Bleeding, ulcer, and kidney issues with long term use

Morphine Sulfate: opioid agonist for severe pain. Gold standard for severe pain.

  • Constipation is common issue
  • Respiratory depression could be serious issue

Codeine: Opioid analgesic, cough suppressant, addicting.

  • Usually combined with acetaminophen
  • For moderate pain

Naxolone: Reversal agent for opioids. Have on hand when giving opioid agents.

Demerol: Toxic in kids.

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10
Q

When would the IV route for pain be more appropriate?

A

During emergencies, N/V, and severe pain.

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11
Q

In what aged patients would a PCA be an option?

A

11-12 years old usually

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12
Q

What is EMLA?

A

(Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics)
A pain relief cream used before a cutaneous procedure.

  • Apply cream, cover, wait 30 minutes-1hr then carry on.
  • Assess pain before and after
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13
Q

What are non-pharmacological pain management techniques for each developmental level?

A

Infant: swaddle, sucrose pacifier, music therapy, rocking

Toddler: Distraction, holding child, music, toys

Preschooler: Imagine, gentle touch, distraction, comforting, role play

School-age: positioning, splinting, heat and cold applications, breathing techniques

Adolescent: prepare, educate, teach relaxation

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14
Q

What is biofeedback?

A

Awareness of body functions and learning ways to modify them voluntarily

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