Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nursing 3 Exam 3 > Unit 27 Peds Respiratory Disorders > Flashcards

Unit 27 Peds Respiratory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common cause of illness and death in children?

A

respiratory disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an indication that you cannot swallow?

A

Drooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does grunting with babies indicate?

A

Difficulty breathing, fluid in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does stridor indicate?

A

Usually obstruction issue, either swelling or blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the pediatric upper respiratory system.

A
  • Obligatory nose breathers if <4 months
  • Eustachian tubes (ear tubes) shorter and more horizontal
  • Epiglottis is large and floppy
  • Trachea shorter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the pediatric lower respiratory system.

A
  • Lack of or insufficient surfactant
  • Faster RR
  • Apnea periods common with newborn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can cause respiratory compromise?

A 
Upper or lower respiratory infections
Sedative medications
CNS disorders
Musculoskeletal deformities
Congenital anomalies
Aspiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are infection preventative teaching measures?

A

-Adequate rest
-Good nutrition
-Good hygiene
(ESPECIALLY HANDWASHING)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What significant past hx could contribute to respiratory disorders?

A
  • Low birth weight/SGA
  • Prematurity
  • Chronic illness, including asthma
  • Previous hospitalization for respiratory illness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Children <6-7 years of age use what kind of breathing?

Children >6-7 years of age use what kind of breathing?

A 
<6-7 = abdominal 
>6-7 = thoracic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is nasal flaring a sign of?

A

Serious air stuggle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some upper airway problems?

A
  • Sinusitis
  • Allergic rhinitis
  • Epistaxis (nose bleeds)
  • Otitis media
  • Tonsilitis
  • Croup
  • Epiglottitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two types of otitis media?

A

Otitis media Acute

Otitis media w/ Effusion (fluid doesn’t move, no hearing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the symptoms of Otitis media?

A
  • High grade fever
  • Febrile seizure
  • Earache, toddlers may pull on ear, infants may rub ear on things
  • Vomiting, anorexia
  • Irritability, sleep disturbance, persistent crying
  • Otoscope findings: tympanic membrane red and bulging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the symptoms of Otitis media with effusion?

A

Tinnitus (ringing in ears)

Conductive hearing loss may occur

Afebrile

Otoscope findings: tympanic membrane dull gray, orange, immobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Otitis media interventions?

A
  • Administer analgesics
  • Administer antibiotics if ordered
  • Promote drainage
  • Promote comfort
  • Encourage fluids
  • Instruct PT about the importance of completing the prescribed medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why would you not want want to give something like red jello/anything red to a PT after a tolonectomy?

A

It could be mistaken as blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is tonsillitis and the symptoms? What are the

A

Inflammation of tonsils

Symptoms:
Fever
Soar throat
Dysphagia 
Small pus pockets on tonsils
Decreased appetite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the nursing interventions for tonsilitis? How about post tonsillectomy?

A
  • Culture to determine viral or bacterial
  • Acetaminophen + Codeine
  • Warm gargle
  • Soft liquid diet
  • Sx if 3-4 cases in past year

Post tonsillectomy:

  • No red food/liquid
  • No milk products (coats throuat which promotes coughing)
  • Monitor for hemmorhage
  • Ice collar, analgesics
20
Q

What is Croup/Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) and what is it usually caused by?

A

An upper airway infection that blocks breathing and has a distinctive barking cough.

Usually caused by a virus (slower process)

21
Q

What is croup/LTB management at home?

A
  • Place child in bathroom with hot shower running (steam), followed by blast of cool air
  • Humidifiers
  • Fluids
  • Ibuprofen
22
Q

What is Croup/LTB management in a hospital?

A
  • Assess and monitor ABC’s
  • High flow humidified O2
  • Limit exam/handling to avoid agitation
  • DO NOT place instruments near mouth or throat
  • Be prepared for respiratory arrest and CPR
  • Administer steroids as ordered
23
Q

What is Epiglottitis?

A

Acute inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis and upper respiratory structures caused by BACTERIA H.influenza (not a virus) or strains of strep and staph.

  • Secretions pool and child unable to swallow
  • True medical emergency (happens quickly)
24
Q

What are the defining characteristics of Epiglottitis?

A

The four D’s

Drooling
Dysphagia
Dysphonia (difficulty speaking)
Distressed respiratory efforts

25
What is the management for Epiglottitis?
- Assess and monitor ABC's, oxygen saturation - Have child sit up - Maintain patent airway - High flow humidified O2; "blow by" if child won't tolerate mask - Artificial airway may be necessary - Administer antibiotics - Epinephrine may be required - Limit examinations/handling to avoid agitation - Be prepared for respiratory arrest, assist ventilations and/or CPR
26
What are some lower respiratory problems?
``` Bronchitis Bronchiolitis (Respiratory syncytial virus)* Pneumonia Pertussis (whooping cough) Tuberculosis Asthma* Cystic Fibrosis* Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)* ```
27
What is Bronchiolitis? How is it Dx'd?
- Respiratory infection of bronchioles - Occurs in early childhood (younger than 1 year) - Caused by VIRAL infection - Dx by nasal swab
28
What is the most common cause of Bronchiolitis and (pneumonia)?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Most children recover in 8-15 days
29
What are the manifestations of Bronchiolitis/RSV?
- Acute respiratory distress - Tachypnea - May have intercostal retraction - Nasal flaring - Cyanosis - Fever and dry cough - May have inspiratory and expiratory wheezes - Nasal disharge
30
What is the management for Bronchiolitis/RSV?
- Assess and maintain airway - Clear nasal passages if necessary - IV LR or NS - Contact precautions - Intubate if airway management becomes difficult or fails (High risk infants also receive RSV immunoglobulin Respigam)
31
What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome? (SIDS)
Sudden and unexplained death of a seemingly healthy baby Most SIDS deaths usually occur in children between 2-4 months old
32
What are the two chronic lower airway problems discussed?
Asthma | Cystic fibrosis
33
What is Asthma?
Chronic reoccurring lower airway disease with episodic attacks of bronchial constriction
34
What are possible causative factors for asthma?
``` Dietary habits Time indoors Energy efficient homes Decrease in breastfeeding Survival of Low birth weight babies ```
35
What are physical assessments of asthma?
Tripod-ing SOB, shallow irregular respirations Pale, cyanotic, cherry red lips Restless and scarred Non productive cough Wheezing
36
What are the manifestations of status asthmaticus?
Sweating profusely Insists on sitting upright Severe respiratory distress Bronchospasm Hypoxic (All of symptoms of asthma)
37
What is the management of Asthma in a hospital?
- Administer bronchodilators - Administer corticosteroids - Assess and monitor ABC's - Apply O2 - Provide IV LR or NS - Assess Pulse ox - Intubate if airway management becomes difficult or fails
38
What is cystic fibrosis?
- Multisystem disorder effecting exocrine glands - A chronic, sometimes fatal disease - Deletion of chromosome 7 Tenacious amounts of mucus that leads to the obstruction of small passageways of the bronchioles, small intestines, and pancreatic and bile ducts.
39
What is the best way to Dx Cystic Fibrosis? (and other exams as well)
**Sweat test is the best way to diagnose CF ``` Other exams include: 72 hr fecal fat Family hx of CF or positive newborn blood screening Sputum culture Prenatal chorionic villi sampling Liver enzymes ```
40
What are the manifestations of CF?
- Recurrent respiratory infections - Use of accessory muscles, nasal flaring - Productive cough - Barrel chest - CHF - Deficiencies in fat soluble vitamins - Salty taste of skin due to high concentrations of sodium and chloride in sweat.
41
What are CF interventions?
- Promote airway clearance and gas exchange - Administer bronchodilators, antibiotics (inhaled and systemic) - Perform chest physical therapy - Promote cough - Administer IV and PO fluids as ordered - Assess VS - Monitor WBCs - Assess color, odor, amount of sputum.
42
What is a medication that you would NOT give to someone with CF?
Robitussin becomes it would suppress coughing | think about what'd it'd do to someone with CF
43
How would you prevent complications of CF?
- Teach WITH diet/meals to administer pancreatic enzymes! - No dairy - Good hand washing - Take antibiotics and do pulmonary hygiene as ordered - Keep immunizations up to date
44
What are antibiotics for respiratory disorders?
Penicillins - used commonly for ear infections Macrolides - used when PT has Penicillin allergy Cephalosporins- also used in ear infections, often 2nd line
45
What would alert the nurse to post operative tonsillectomy hemorrhage?
Frequent swallowing

Nursing 3 Exam 3 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions