Unit 8 NERVOUS

Question 1

FUNCTIONS
OF
NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 1

Monitors the internal and external environment of the body

Integrates sensory information

Voluntary and Involuntary (Reflects) Responses

Question 2

DIVISIONS
OF
NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 2

Central nervous system (Brain and Spinal cord)(Higher functions)(Intelligence, Memory)

Peripheral nervous system (Everything that branches off)

Question 3

AFFERENT
&
EFFERENT

Answer 3

A = Receiving info (Sensory neurons)

E = Send out (Motor Neurons)

Question 4

DIVISIONS
OF
EFFERENT

Answer 4

Somatic = Skeleton muscle

Autonomic = Parasympathetic (Rest or Digest)
Sympathetic (Fight or Flight)

Question 5

MULTIPOLAR NEURON (DIAGRAM)

Answer 5

KNOW IT

Question 6

STRUCTURAL CLASSES
OF
NEURONS

Answer 6

Multipolar (CNS)

Unipolar (SENSORY)

Bipolar

Question 7

FUNCTIONAL CLASSES
OF
NEURONS

Answer 7

1. Sensory Neurons
2. Motor Neurons (Connect to Muscle)
3. Interneuron (Communication between 1 & 2)

Question 8

3 TYPES OF GLIAL CELLS

A, O, M

Answer 8

Astrocytes(Central)(Blood Brain Barrier) - Creates wall to Protect Brain and Blood

Oligodendrocytes(Central)(CNS Myelination)

Microglia(Central)(CNS Immune Cells)

Question 9

3 TYPES OF GLIAL CELLS

E, S, S

Answer 9

Ependymal Cells(Central)(Help produce CSF/FLUID) - Bathes your brain in cerebral spinal fluid (Cushion)

Satellite Cells(Only found in Peripheral System)

Schwann Cells(Only found in Peripheral system)(PNS Myelination)

Question 10

TRANSMISSION OF A

NERVE IMPULSE

Answer 10

When a nerve impulse reaches the end of an Axon, the Axon releases chemicals called Neurotransmitters

Question 11

CHARGE OF RESTING & EXCITED

MEMBRANE

Answer 11

Resting - Electricity (Cells are @ Negative)

Excited - Cells inside become positive

Question 12

DEPOLARIZATION 
                &
HYPERPOLARIZATION
                &
    REPOLARIZATION

Answer 12

D - A change within a cell to make it less negative

H - A change within a cell to make it more negative

R - Returns the cell back to the negative value

Question 13

SYNAPSE
&
REFRACTORY PERIOD

Answer 13

Synapse - Where two neurons connect

R.P. - A period of time where the cell has to rest and recharge

Question 14

3 PARTS OF A SYNAPSE

Answer 14

1 - When action potential is received, Neurotransmitters are released from the Presynapic neuron
2 - Neurotransmitters bind to receptors of postsynapitic neuton
3 - Action potential is progagted

Question 15

3 MENINGS

Answer 15

Dura Mater - (Tought)(Outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord)

Arachnoid - Between the Dura and Pia

Pia Mater - (Deepest, Contacting the brain and spinal cord)

Question 16

6 MAJOR REGIONS OF THE BRAIN (DRAW IT)

Answer 16

Cerebrum, Cerebullum, Diencephalon, Mid Brain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

Question 17

VENTRICLES 
                   &
LOCATION & PRODUCTION
                  OF
CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID

Answer 17

V - Fluid filled cavities in your brain

CSF

  - Liquid cushion of the CNS
  - Around and inside the brain and spinal cord

Question 18

LOCATIONS & FUNCTIONS
OF
CEREBRAL LOBES
(DRAW)

Answer 18

Frontal (Thinking,Motor,Language,Memory)
Parietal (Sensation)
Occipital (Back of brain/vision)
Temporal (Temples)(Hearing,Smell,Language,Memory)

Question 19

WHAT CONTROLS IN
THE
CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE

Answer 19

Left - Left hand, Right visual field

Right - Right hand, Left visual field

Question 20

# OF CRANIAL NERVES
                  &
     #1, #2, #3, #7, #12

Answer 20

12
1 - Olfactory nerve (smell)
2 - Optic nerve (Vision)
3 - Oculomotor nerve (Move face)
7 - Facial nerve (Move face)
12 - Hypoglossal (Tongue)

Question 21

MONOSYNAPTIC
&
POLYSYNAPTIC

Answer 21

M - Involves only 2 Neurons = 1 Synapse (Stretch Reflex)

P - Involves more than 2 Neurons (Acute pain is usually involved)

Question 22

3 ASCENDING PATHWAYS

Answer 22

Posterior Column - Touch, Pressure, Vibration, Proprioception

Spinothalamic - Pain, Temp

Spinocerebellar - Info to the brain

Question 23

2 DESCENDING PATHWAYS

Answer 23

Corticospinal - Voluntary controlled skeletal movement

Medial and Lateral - Involuntary, Reflexes

Question 24

MENINGITIS

NEUROLOGY

Answer 24

M - Inflammation of the Meninges; Usually bacterial or viral pathogen

N - Study of disorders of nerves and the nervous system

Question 25

PARESTHESIA

  SCIATICA

Answer 25

P - Refers to a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs or feet

S - Refers to back pain caused by a problem with the sciatic nerve