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RE > Unit 8 : Judaism Practices > Flashcards

Unit 8 : Judaism Practices Flashcards

1
Q

Synagogue services
(Public acts of worship)

A
  • Shabbat - done every Friday evening to Saturday. Certain prayers are said like the Amidah. Attended as a family.
  • Daily prayer - services are held 3 times a day. Prayer are said and readings from the Torah heard.
  • Festivals are celebrated such as Yom Kippur or Rosh Hashanah.
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2
Q

Why are public acts of worship important for Jews?

A
  • Brings the Jewish community together: saying similar words and facing Jerusalem.
  • Obligation in the Torah and Talmud to worship God.
  • Means prayers can be said out of praise and love of God.
  • Leads to structured lives with guidance for life from readings and sermons.
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3
Q

What is the Tenakh?

A
  • This is the Jewish Bible; Torah, the Nevi’im, and the Ketuvim.
  • Traditional Jews believe this was given to Moses, and the rest of the Tenakh is the word of God.
  • Modern Jews believe the Torah is just a human creation.
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4
Q

What is the importance of the Tenakh?

A
  • Read in Jewish services at least once a week, 4 times for traditional.
  • Contains key teachings such as Kashrut/Kosher; keeping Mitzvots, remaining clean/holy, focus on God when making food.
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5
Q

What is the Talmud?

A
  • The Talmud is the oral (spoken) law of Judaism.
  • For traditional Jews the Talmud was given to Moses (Mishnah), and interpreted by Rabbis (Gemara).
  • For modern Jews it is a human creation.
  • It is the basis of Jewish law.
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6
Q

What is the importance of the Talmud?

A
  • Encouraged to study to learn more about the faith and laws.
  • Leads to eternal life the more learnt.
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7
Q

What is Jewish private prayer?

A
  • Jews will aim to pray 3 times a day. They will pray thanking God (modeh ani), say prayers of blessing, and request and praise God.
  • Jews will always pray on the Sabbath; they remember the creation of the world, the end of slavery and pray for purity (Kiddush).
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8
Q

Why is private prayer important?

A
  • Brings the Jewish family together.
  • Means there is time spent with God personally.
  • Means that God is constantly in the heart and mind of a Jew.
  • When the Shabbat prayer is said the family is joined.
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9
Q

What is the Shema prayer?

A
  • The Shema is said in the morning and evening.
  • When Jewish men say the Shema in the morning, they wear the tallit and tefillin.
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10
Q

What is the importance of the Shema prayer?

A
  • Jews will say the prayer as it is a declaration of the main beliefs of the Jewish faith one God.
  • Looks at other attributes of God - greatness; eyes covered when said.
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11
Q

What is the Amidah prayer?

A
  • The Amidah is said three times a day.
  • 3 steps are said forward, and at the end 3 steps back.
  • It is said facing Jerusalem and standing.
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12
Q

What is the importance of the Amidah prayer?

A
  • The prayer has 3 sections; praise, petitions, and thanks.
  • In total is has 19 blessings. The prayer fulfils what is required by Jewish rabbis. Must be said in services.
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13
Q

Ritual and ceremony - what is the meaning/importance of birth?

A
  • Life begins when halfway out.
  • No sin.
  • Mother cannot enter temple until pure.
  • Some reformed Jews are not always so strict with the number of days for temple.
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14
Q

Ritual and ceremony - what is the meaning/importance of Brit Milah?

A
  • Link to covenant with Abraham.
  • Is naming ceremony for boy.
  • Liberal Jews may have a Brit Bat, naming ceremony for a girl, many also not always perform circumcision.
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15
Q

Ritual and ceremony - what is the meaning/importance of Bar/Bat Mitzvah?

A
  • Coming of adult for boy (Bar Mitzvah).
  • Can read from Torah at services.
  • Learn the laws and Hebrew.
  • Most will have a Bat Mitzvah for girls, some traditional Jews do not.
  • In traditional, girls won’t read from Torah.
  • Different ages 13/14 (boys), 12/13 (girls).
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16
Q

Ritual and ceremony - what is the meaning/importance of marriage?

A
  • Continuation of faith through family and command.
  • Symbolic - e.g. smashing glass and temple destroyed.
  • Liberal Jews may allow same sex marriage.
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17
Q

Ritual and ceremony - what is the meaning/importance of mourning?

A
  • 5 periods of mourning: death, 7 days, 30 days, year of mourning, anniversary.
  • Often no celebration for at least 30 days.
  • Done to help return back to normal life.
  • Reform Jews will wear a black ribbon or cut a tie, traditional Jews will make a tear in their clothes.
  • For reform Jews, men or women are allowed to say the Kaddish prayer.
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18
Q

Ritual and ceremony - what is the meaning/importance of funeral?

A
  • Done as a reminder of end of life, beginning of new one.
  • Time when community can come together to support.
  • Usually burial within 24 hours.
  • Some reformed Jews may allow cremation.
  • Though often simple and quiet, reform Jews may allow flowers, and condolences to be said.
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19
Q

What is the importance of ritual and ceremony?

A
  • Marks important stages of the life of a Jew.
  • Rituals that are based in Jewish law.
  • Links to Jewish identity.
20
Q

What is the meaning of Shabbat?

A
  • Time of relaxation, prayer and community marking the end of the week and the creation of the universe.
  • Happens on Friday evening to when three stars appear on Saturday.
21
Q

How is Shabbat celebrated at home?

A
  • Home is tidied and cleaned.
  • Candles lit and prayer said by women (the Kiddush).
  • Meal celebrated.
  • Songs sung to praise God.
  • Endings with blessing of wine and lighting candles.
22
Q

How is Shabbat celebrated at the synagogue?

A
  • Main service on the Saturday where prayers are said.
  • Especially important is the Amidah.
  • Readings from the Torah and the Kaddish prayer praising God.
23
Q

What is the importance of Shabbat?

A
  • It is a Mitzvot from God.
  • Means the community come together with God as the focal point of worship.
  • Time when faith can be learnt and explored.
  • Is a challenge as there is a disagreement over what is work; is driving work?
24
Q

What is the festival ‘Rosh Hashanah’?

A
  • First day of the Jewish year and reminds Jews of the creation story.
  • Jews will think of their behaviour for new year, and reflects on last years.
  • It is commanded to do so in the Torah.
25
Q

What is the festival ‘ Yom Kippur’?

A
  • This is the holiest day of the year. It happens 10 days after Rosh Hashanah.
  • Jews will ask for repentance and fast for 25 hours.
  • Jews will confess their sins, this is similar to the sacrifices made in the Torah.
26
Q

What is the festival ‘Pesach’?

A
  • Also known as the Passover as a commemoration of when God killed the firstborn child when he passed over Egypt in Exodus, and in hope for the Messiah.
  • The festival is a celebration of the freedom/liberation of the Jewish people after years of slavery in Egypt. It is a reminder of God’s love.
  • Leaven food is gotten rid, and there is a special Seder meal that is eaten with food of symbolic reference:
    > e.g. salt water = tears
    > a shank bone = reminder of the Temple sacrifices
    > bitter herbs and sweet spices = bitterness of slavery, and the sweetness of freedom
27
Q

What is the festival ‘Shavuout’?

A
  • Celebration of receiving the Law at SInai, it is 7 weeks after Pesach.
  • Jews may make a special effort to read certain extracts from the Torah and study God.
  • It is also a Harvest celebration so Jews may also decorate synagogues or eat dairy.
28
Q

What is the festival ‘Sukkot’?

A
  • This takes 4 days after Yom Kippur, it brings in the new harvest on Autumn.
  • More importantly, it is a reminder of the time that the Jewish people spent in the wilderness.
  • It lasts for 8 days.
29
Q

Divergent ways of celebrating

A
  • Most traditional and orthodox Jews believe they must keep to all parts of the festival celebration for example at Rosh Hashanah, orthodox Jews will celebrate it longer than reformed. It is a sign of identity and continuing ways of life.
  • For reformed Jews, festivals are more about community and making them relevant for today, therefore all customs may not always be celebrated.
30
Q

Features of the synagogue

A
  • The Ark
  • Ner Tamid
  • Menorah
  • Bimah
  • Yad
31
Q

What is the Ark?

A
  • Contains the Torah scrolls, links to the Ark they were kept in the old Temple.
  • Faces Jerusalem.
32
Q

What is the Ner Tamid?

A
  • This is the eternal light.
  • Reminds Jews of the presence of God always.
  • Links to how God is eternal.
33
Q

What is the Menorah?

A
  • Used in the Temple.
  • Links to the 7 days of creation, and the day of rest.
34
Q

What is the Bimah?

A
  • Platform where the Torah scrolls are read from, as well as the sermon from the Rabbi.
  • It is the main focus and links to the altar in the Temple.
35
Q

What is the Yad?

A
  • Used as a reading stick due to the sacredness of the Torah.
36
Q

Why is the synagogue important?

A
  • Brings the Jewish family together.
  • Has many links to the Temple in Jerusalem that was destroyed.
  • Is a place of learning, not just prayer.
  • Is symbolic, will always face Jerusalem; light is in to show God, and always has either a menorah or star of David to show faith.
37
Q

Differences for Jewish synagogues

A
  • In orthodox synagogues, seating will be separate between men and women, the rabbi will always be a man and men will lead. Signing will not happen on the Sabbath.
  • In reformed seating, it is mixed, the rabbi may be female, and services won’t always be in Hebrew.
  • Orthodox will always have set design art facing Jerusalem, Bimah in the centre seats around, not always the case for modern.
38
Q

What is Kashrut?

A

Jewish food laws (kosher food).

39
Q

What are the Jewish food laws?

A
  • Meat and dairy should not be mixed, including during preparation.
  • Meat must be slaughtered in the correct way.
40
Q

SWA for 8.1 : Public acts of worship

A

“My vows to Hashem I will pay, in the presence, now, of His entire people..” Psalm 116:14

41
Q

SWA for 8.2 : The Tenakh and Talmud

A

“If a man has acquired words of the Torah he has attained afterlife.” (Perkei Avot)

42
Q

SWA for 8.3 : Private prayer

A

“Evening, morning and noon, I supplicate and I moan; and he has heard my voice.” (Psalm 55)

43
Q

SWA for 8.4 : The Shema and Amidah

A

“Hear O Israel; Hashem is our God, Hashem is the one and only.” (Deuteronomy 6)

44
Q

SWA for 8.5 : Ritual and ceremony

A

Brit Milah: “Abraham circumcised his son…as God has commanded Him.” (Genesis 21)

45
Q

SWA for 8.6 : Shabbat

A

“On the seventh day He rested and was refreshed.” (Exodus 31)

46
Q

SWA for 8.7 : Festivals

A

“In the seventh month, on the first of the month, there shall be a rest day for you…you shall offer a fire offering.” (Leviticus 23)

47
Q

SWA for 8.8 : Features of the synagogue

A

“A multitude of people is a king’s glory” (Proverbs 14)

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