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RE > Unit 7: Judaism Beliefs > Flashcards

Unit 7: Judaism Beliefs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four words used to describe the Almighty?

A
  • One
  • Creator
  • Judge
  • Lawgiver
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2
Q

What does it mean for the Almighty to be described as ‘one’?

A
  • Jewish people believe God is one.
  • No other Gods exist and he is omnipotent.
  • God can never be divided or put in to separate parts.
  • The Shema prayer emphasises the oneness of God.
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3
Q

What does it mean for the Almighty to be described as ‘creator’?

A
  • Jewish people believe that God is the creator of the universe and all things within it.
  • Jewish people believe that the creation story reveals God, in particular God’s power.
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4
Q

What does it mean for the Almighty to be described as ‘judge’?

A
  • Jewish people believe that God is a judge.
  • This mean that he has given laws for Jews to follow, but will also judge Jews against their actions.
  • God will judge Jews at death.
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5
Q

What does it mean for the Almighty to be described as ‘lawgiver’?

A
  • Jewish people believe that like a Father, God gave them certain guidance for us to follow.
  • God gave Jewish people laws to follow so that he could guide them on how to live a good and holy life.
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5
Q

What is the Shekhinah?

A
  • It is God’s presence dwelling in the world.
  • Jews know that God is present when they pray, study and worship.
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6
Q

Why is the Shekhinah important?

A
  • It means that Jews can be close to God whenever and wherever they are.
  • It is a teaching of the Rabbis, as well as the Tenakh and Torah.
  • It means that the prophets, for example Moses, were all inspired by God, by God’s Shekhinah.
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7
Q

Divergent beliefs about the Shekhinah.

A
  • Some Jews see the Shekhinah as being like the feminine attributes of the divine.
  • Other Jews see it being more like the Holy Spirit or equivalent to.
  • Traditional Jews see it as the link between God and the modern world.
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8
Q

What qualities does the Messiah have?

A
  • Great political leader
  • Military leader
  • A human
  • A judge
  • Expert in Jewish law
  • Charismatic
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9
Q

Why is the Messiah important?

A
  • The Messiah is believed to be the person who will lead the Jewish people back to Israel in the End of the Days.
  • Jews will work for peace and justice - when this is brought about they believe the Messianic Age will come about.
  • It is a key teaching of the Jewish faith, Jews will pray for the coming of the Messiah daily.
  • He unites people of the world
  • Makes all people aware of the presence of God.
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10
Q

Divergent beliefs about the Messiah

A
  • Reformed Jews do not necessarily believe in a single Messiah, rather it is the duty of Jews to work together to bring about change.
  • Some Jews believe in a Messiah in every age, whereas many Traditional Jews believe the Messiah will only come when all Jews follow the Mitzvots, and then the resurrection of the dead will take place.
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11
Q

Why is the Covenant at Sinai important?

A
  • Jews believe that the Covenant at Sinai was when Moses was given the Torah by God and when God chose the Jewish people as his chosen race.
  • Study of the Torah is an important part of Jewish life, the Word of God.
  • It is a covenant made with God, meaning that God specially made an agreement with the Jewish people showing his love for them.
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12
Q

What happened at the Covenant at Sinai?

A
  • Moses goes up Mount Sinai and meets God.
  • God gives Moses the 613 Mitzvot.
  • God gives Moses the 10 Commandments (Decalogue).
  • God gives Moses the Torah.
  • God renews his covenant with the Jewish people.
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13
Q

Why is the Covenant with Abraham important?

A
  • Jews believe that the Covenant with Abraham is when God gave them the promised land.
  • As a sign of the Covenant, Jews get circumcised showing faith to God.
  • Abraham himself is important as he is the Father of the faith and monotheism.
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14
Q

What happened at the Covenant with Abraham?

A
  • Abraham promises to be faithful to God.
  • All male descendants will be circumcised.
  • God promises to bless Abraham with more descendants than the stars in the sky.
  • God promises that Abraham’s descendants (the Jewish people) will be given a Promised Land.
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15
Q

Why do Jews believe that life is holy?

A
  • Jews believe life is holy as it comes from God.
  • Jews also believe it is a gift from God that needs to be protected.
  • Jews believe that humans are made in the image and likeness of God.
16
Q

What is Pikuach Nefesh?

A

It is the preservation of life over any other religious law, e.g. a doctor can save a life on the Sabbath.

17
Q

Why do Jews follow Pikuach Nefesh?

A
  • It is a teaching found in the Torah and Talmud, therefore Jews are obliged to follow it.
  • It preserves life as a gift from God.
  • It can be applied to daily life to help Jews; it is an important guide.
18
Q

3 examples of Pikuach Nefesh

A
  • Abortion - most Jews do not agree based on this principle.
  • Euthanasia - again most Jews disagree with this, though do understand when people commit suicide.
  • In the case of transplant surgery Jews allow it, unless it will speed up death of the donor. It is allowed to save life.
19
Q

Why are the moral principles/Mitzvots important?

A
  • They are commands from God - they are found in the Torah.
  • They form part of the covenant agreed with God at Sinai.
  • Jews believe that when they die they will be judged by God on the basis of whether they follow the Mitzvots or not.
  • Following the Mitzvots aids the relationship that Jews have with both God and with other humans.
20
Q

Are moral principles/Mitzvots relevant?
(Divergent attitudes)

A
  • Orthodox Jews - from God and therefore always relevant.
  • Reform Jews - some are outdated, e.g. sacrificing animals in the Temple.
  • They form the basis of the Sinai covenant and therefore are the basis of the Jewish faith.
  • Some Jews, like reformed Jews, do not follow all the Mitzvots, they use their free will to choose which ones they wish to follow, e.g. the Decalogue.
  • Following the Mitzvots Jews believe will bring the Messiah sooner.
  • Secular Jews - they are not from God as he doesn’t exist.
21
Q

What are the Mitzvot?

A

613 rules given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai.

22
Q

What do Jews believe about life after death?

A
  • That at death the soul goes to be judged by God.
  • Jews believe that heaven (Gan Eden) is eternal, and hell (Gehninom) is temporary.
  • Jews believe in Olam Haba - life to come - this is often closely linked to the Messiah.
  • Nearly all Jews believe in the resurrection of the dead at the end of the world.
23
Q

Divergent beliefs about life after death

A
  • Some Jews believe that the resurrection will occur when the Messiah comes during the Messianic Age, others do believe in the resurrection but just not a Messiah. Some say resurrection is for all, others for the just and righteous.
  • Some Jews believe that they will be judged on how they act based on obligation to the Mitzvots, others believe it is both action and belief.
  • All Jews believe in heaven, however some Jews believe that those who are evil will go to hell for eternity, others just temporarily.
24
Q

Why is life after death important for Jews?

A
  • Jews will aim to follow the Mitzvots to be judged fairly when they die.
  • It is a key belief in Judaism, it gives both meaning and purpose to Jews.
25
Q

SWA for 7.1 : The Almighty

A

“I am the LORD your God” (Exodus 20:2)

26
Q

SWA for 7.2 : The Shekhinah

A

“My presence will go with you…” (Exodus 33)

27
Q

SWA for 7.3 : The Messiah

A

Genesis 3:15 says a Messiah will come to destroy and defeat Satan.

28
Q

SWA for 7.4 : The Covenant at Sinai

A

“I am the LORD your God” (Exodus 20:2)

29
Q

SWA for 7.5 : The Covenant with Abraham

A

“I will give you more descendants than there are stars in the sky” (Genesis 22:17)

30
Q

SWA for 7.6 : The Sanctity of Life / Pikuach Nefesh

A

“Do not kill” (Exodus 20:13)

31
Q

SWA for 7.7 : Mitzvots

A

The mitzvot were given to Moses in the Book of Exodus

32
Q

SWA for 7.8 : Life after death

A

Many Jews compare heaven with the Garden of Eden from Genesis 1.

RE (8 decks)

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