Unit 8: Diseases and Hygiene

Question 1

What is a disease?

Answer 1

A harmful change in the state of your body or mind

Question 2

What are risk factors?

Answer 2

A characteristic or behavior that raises a person’s chance of getting a disease (are either controllable or uncontrollable)

Question 3

What are the 10 habits of a healthy, long-lasting person?

Answer 3

1. Move for at least 30 minutes a day
2. Have a favorite sport
3. Educate themselves about the food they eat
4. Have a meal plan
5. Sex (loving intimate, not flings)
6. Drink at least 2 liters of water a day
7. Go outside a lot (2-8 hours)
8. At least 7 hrs of quality sleep
9. Meditate frequently
10. Smile a lot

Question 4

What is hygiene?

Answer 4

An act of maintaining cleanliness and grooming of the external body

Question 5

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 5

An illness caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Question 6

How are communicable diseases spread?

Answer 6

From on infected person to another
Animal to human
Inanimate object to person

Question 7

What is an agent?

Answer 7

the infectious organism or pathogen: bacteria (single celled), virus (require living cells), fungi (make their own food), protozoa (can be free-living or parasite), helminths (parasitic worms)

Question 8

What is a host?

Answer 8

The human or animal that has the disease

Question 9

What is the chain of infection?

Answer 9

1. Reservoir - where the agent lives, grows, multiplies
2. Portal of exit - the path in which the pathogen exits
3. Modes of transmission - direct transmission (direct contact, droplet spread) indirect transmission (airborne, vehicle-borne, vector born
4. Portal of entry - how the pathogen enters a new host
5. Host

Question 10

What are common symptoms of communicable diseases?

Answer 10

Fever
Muscle aches
Diarrhea
Coughing
Fatigue

Question 11

How can you prevent spread?

Answer 11

Controlling or eliminating agents (medicine, antibiotics)
Protecting portals of entry (isolation, soaps, sanitizing, ventilation, protective equipment)
Increasing the host’s defenses (vaccines, strengthening the immune system)

Question 12

What are the two types of defense systems in the immune system?

Answer 12

Innate defense (external barriers, internal defenses)
Adaptive Defense

Question 13

What are nonspecific defenses?

Answer 13

Born with or natural adaptive defenses

Question 14

What are specific defenses?

Answer 14

Acquaired adaptive defenses

Question 15

What are active defenses?

Answer 15

They produce antibodies

Question 16

What are passive defenses?

Answer 16

Given antibodies

Question 17

What is a noncommunicable disease?

Answer 17

A disease not caused by a virus or living organism, not contagious.

Question 18

What does CVD stand for?

Answer 18

Cardiovascular disease

Question 19

What are controllable causes of CVD?

Answer 19

Tobacco use
Lack of physical activity
Unhealthy diet
Stimulant drug use

Question 20

What are uncontrollable causes of CVD?

Answer 20

Gender
Age
Heredity
Race

Question 21

What are some types of CVD?

Answer 21

High cholesterol (elevated blood lipids
Hypertension (pressure against artery walls increases when heart beats)
Angina Pectoris (lack of oxygen to heart)
Atherosclerosis (fat deposits on artery walls, making it hard for them to expand and carry blood)
Stroke (blocked or broken brain vessel, thrombosis, embolism, hemorrhage)
Heart attack (death of part of the heart)

Question 22

What treatments are available for CVD?

Answer 22

Medications
Bypass surgery
Pacemaker

Question 23

What is an autoimmune disease?

Answer 23

A disease in which a person’s immune system attacks certain cells, tissues, or organs of their own body.

Question 24

What is diabetes?

Answer 24

A person’s digestion of carbs is altered because of an autoimmune response to the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin

Question 25

What are the types of diabetes?

Answer 25

Type 1 - no prevention Type 2 - some prevention Gestational - while pregnant

Question 26

What are the symptoms of Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 26

``` Increased thirst Frequent urination Extreme hunger Unintended weight loss Mood changes Fatigue Blurred vision ```

Question 27

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 27

An autoimmune response that destroys beta cells

Question 28

What is the treatment for type one diabetes?

Answer 28

Insulin injections, special diet, testing blood sugar throughout the day

Question 29

What are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 29

The same symptoms as type 1 Cuts/bruises slow to heal Tingling numbness in hands or feet Increased risk for blindness, heart disease, kidney failure, and circulatory failure Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections

Question 30

What is the cause of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 30

Pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin or isn't properly utilized

Question 31

What is the treatment for type 2 diabetes?

Answer 31

Antidiabetic meds (oral and injectable insulin), physical exercise, quitting smoking, weight loss, dietary fiber, nutrition counseling, and diabetic diet

Question 32

How can you prevent type 2 diabetes?

Answer 32

``` Manage weight Limit alcohol use Regular exercise Don't smoke Control blood pressure Balanced, healthy diet ```

Question 33

What is hypoglycemia?

Answer 33

Body doesn't have enough blood sugar in diabetics especially.

Question 34

What is the cause of gypo glycemia?

Answer 34

Too little food, too much insulin, extra exercise

Question 35

What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Answer 35

``` Shaking Fast heartbeat Dizziness Sweating Anxious Hunger Impaired Vision Fatgue Headache ```

Question 36

How to treat hypogycemia?

Answer 36

1. Drink orange juice or milk (1/2 cup) or candies (15 carbs) 2. Test blood sugar 3. Eat light snack within 30 minutes

Question 37

What is cancer?

Answer 37

A disease where cells grow uncontrollably and invade/destroy healthy tissue

Question 38

What are some possible causes of cancer?

Answer 38

``` Damage to DNA caused by: Drinking alcohol Tobacco products Having HPV Family health history ```

Question 39

What is a tumor?

Answer 39

A mass of abnormal cells

Question 40

What is a biopsy?

Answer 40

A sample of tissue that is removed from the patient and sent to a specialist to be analyzed

Question 41

What is a malignant tumor?

Answer 41

One that is cancerous and life-threatening.

Question 42

What is a benign tumor?

Answer 42

One that isn't cancerous or life-threatening

Question 43

What is the treatment for cancer?

Answer 43

Screening Surgery (to remove the tumor) Radiation (to remove any extra cancerous cells) Chemotherapy (to remove any rapidly reproducing cells, and hopefully the cancer)