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Health > Unit 8: Diseases and Hygiene > Flashcards

Unit 8: Diseases and Hygiene Flashcards

1
Q

What is a disease?

A

A harmful change in the state of your body or mind

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2
Q

What are risk factors?

A

A characteristic or behavior that raises a person’s chance of getting a disease (are either controllable or uncontrollable)

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3
Q

What are the 10 habits of a healthy, long-lasting person?

A
  1. Move for at least 30 minutes a day
  2. Have a favorite sport
  3. Educate themselves about the food they eat
  4. Have a meal plan
  5. Sex (loving intimate, not flings)
  6. Drink at least 2 liters of water a day
  7. Go outside a lot (2-8 hours)
  8. At least 7 hrs of quality sleep
  9. Meditate frequently
  10. Smile a lot
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4
Q

What is hygiene?

A

An act of maintaining cleanliness and grooming of the external body

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5
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

An illness caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

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6
Q

How are communicable diseases spread?

A

From on infected person to another
Animal to human
Inanimate object to person

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7
Q

What is an agent?

A

the infectious organism or pathogen: bacteria (single celled), virus (require living cells), fungi (make their own food), protozoa (can be free-living or parasite), helminths (parasitic worms)

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8
Q

What is a host?

A

The human or animal that has the disease

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9
Q

What is the chain of infection?

A
  1. Reservoir - where the agent lives, grows, multiplies
  2. Portal of exit - the path in which the pathogen exits
  3. Modes of transmission - direct transmission (direct contact, droplet spread) indirect transmission (airborne, vehicle-borne, vector born
  4. Portal of entry - how the pathogen enters a new host
  5. Host
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10
Q

What are common symptoms of communicable diseases?

A 
Fever
Muscle aches
Diarrhea
Coughing
Fatigue
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11
Q

How can you prevent spread?

A

Controlling or eliminating agents (medicine, antibiotics)
Protecting portals of entry (isolation, soaps, sanitizing, ventilation, protective equipment)
Increasing the host’s defenses (vaccines, strengthening the immune system)

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12
Q

What are the two types of defense systems in the immune system?

A 
Innate defense (external barriers, internal defenses)
Adaptive Defense
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13
Q

What are nonspecific defenses?

A

Born with or natural adaptive defenses

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14
Q

What are specific defenses?

A

Acquaired adaptive defenses

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15
Q

What are active defenses?

A

They produce antibodies

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16
Q

What are passive defenses?

A

Given antibodies

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17
Q

What is a noncommunicable disease?

A

A disease not caused by a virus or living organism, not contagious.

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18
Q

What does CVD stand for?

A

Cardiovascular disease

19
Q

What are controllable causes of CVD?

A

Tobacco use
Lack of physical activity
Unhealthy diet
Stimulant drug use

20
Q

What are uncontrollable causes of CVD?

A

Gender
Age
Heredity
Race

21
Q

What are some types of CVD?

A

High cholesterol (elevated blood lipids
Hypertension (pressure against artery walls increases when heart beats)
Angina Pectoris (lack of oxygen to heart)
Atherosclerosis (fat deposits on artery walls, making it hard for them to expand and carry blood)
Stroke (blocked or broken brain vessel, thrombosis, embolism, hemorrhage)
Heart attack (death of part of the heart)

22
Q

What treatments are available for CVD?

A

Medications
Bypass surgery
Pacemaker

23
Q

What is an autoimmune disease?

A

A disease in which a person’s immune system attacks certain cells, tissues, or organs of their own body.

24
Q

What is diabetes?

A

A person’s digestion of carbs is altered because of an autoimmune response to the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin

25
Q

What are the types of diabetes?

A

Type 1 - no prevention
Type 2 - some prevention
Gestational - while pregnant

26
Q

What are the symptoms of Type 1 diabetes?

A 
Increased thirst 
Frequent urination
Extreme hunger
Unintended weight loss
Mood changes
Fatigue
Blurred vision
27
Q

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

A

An autoimmune response that destroys beta cells

28
Q

What is the treatment for type one diabetes?

A

Insulin injections, special diet, testing blood sugar throughout the day

29
Q

What are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes?

A

The same symptoms as type 1
Cuts/bruises slow to heal
Tingling numbness in hands or feet
Increased risk for blindness, heart disease, kidney failure, and circulatory failure
Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections

30
Q

What is the cause of type 2 diabetes?

A

Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or isn’t properly utilized

31
Q

What is the treatment for type 2 diabetes?

A

Antidiabetic meds (oral and injectable insulin), physical exercise, quitting smoking, weight loss, dietary fiber, nutrition counseling, and diabetic diet

32
Q

How can you prevent type 2 diabetes?

A 
Manage weight
Limit alcohol use
Regular exercise
Don't smoke
Control blood pressure
Balanced, healthy diet
33
Q

What is hypoglycemia?

A

Body doesn’t have enough blood sugar in diabetics especially.

34
Q

What is the cause of gypo glycemia?

A

Too little food, too much insulin, extra exercise

35
Q

What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?

A 
Shaking
Fast heartbeat
Dizziness
Sweating
Anxious
Hunger
Impaired
Vision
Fatgue
Headache
36
Q

How to treat hypogycemia?

A
  1. Drink orange juice or milk (1/2 cup) or candies (15 carbs)
  2. Test blood sugar
  3. Eat light snack within 30 minutes
37
Q

What is cancer?

A

A disease where cells grow uncontrollably and invade/destroy healthy tissue

38
Q

What are some possible causes of cancer?

A 
Damage to DNA caused by:
Drinking alcohol
Tobacco products
Having HPV
Family health history
39
Q

What is a tumor?

A

A mass of abnormal cells

40
Q

What is a biopsy?

A

A sample of tissue that is removed from the patient and sent to a specialist to be analyzed

41
Q

What is a malignant tumor?

A

One that is cancerous and life-threatening.

42
Q

What is a benign tumor?

A

One that isn’t cancerous or life-threatening

43
Q

What is the treatment for cancer?

A

Screening
Surgery (to remove the tumor)
Radiation (to remove any extra cancerous cells)
Chemotherapy (to remove any rapidly reproducing cells, and hopefully the cancer)

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