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Health > Unit 7: First Aid and CPR > Flashcards

Unit 7: First Aid and CPR Flashcards

1
Q

What is first aid?

A

The emergency care and treatment of an injured or ill person before they can get complete medical treatment.

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2
Q

What are the steps to first aid?

A

Check the scene
Call for help or 911
Care for the victim

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3
Q

Tips for first aid?

A

Remain on the phone until care arrives, unless otherwise instructed.
Know where the first aid kit is kept and be familiar
Know how to activate emergency response systems
Be familiar with any policies in the workplace or school regarding emergencies.
Wash your hands if possible
Use personal protective gear if possible

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4
Q

What is an accident?

A

An unexpected event that causes injury

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5
Q

How can you reduce chance of accidents?

A 
Think before you act
know your limits
practice refusal skills
 use safety equipment
change risky behavior
change risky situation
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6
Q

What are the types of external bleeding?

A

Arterial - spurting
Venous - flowing
Capillary - oozing

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7
Q

What are some types of injuries caused by accidents?

A

External bleeding
Severe muscle and bone injuries
Minor sprains and strains
Concussions

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8
Q

What does SEEP do?

A 
Treat bleeding, stands for:
SIT or lay patient down
EXAMINE wound for foreign objects
ELEVATE wound above level of heart
apply PRESSURE (direct or indirect)
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9
Q

What is a fracture?

A

A broken or cracked bone

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10
Q

What is dislocation?

A

Bone has been forced out of its normal position in a joint

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11
Q

What does RICE do?

A

Treat minor sprains and strains. Stands for:
REST and avoid using the muscle for 24 hours
ICE the injury
COMPRESSION/ light pressure to reduce swelling
ELEVATION above heart level

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12
Q

What is a 1st degree burn and how should you treat it?

A

Least serious burn that only injures the epidermis. Caused by brief contact with moist or dry heat, sunburns, or exposure to chemicals. Looks red and is sensitive to touch. Treat by soaking burn in cool water and putting on aloe vera gel.

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13
Q

What is a second degree burn and how to treat it?

A

A burn that damages the epidermis and part of the dermis. Caused by contact with flames, hot liquids, or chemicals. Redniss, sensitivity, formation of blisters.
Immerse in cool water and apply a cool compress, don’t apply ice, butter, or break blisters.

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14
Q

What is a third degree burn and how can you treat it?

A

A burn that destroys the epidermis, dermis, and some of the underlying connective tissue. Caused by corrosive chemicals, flames, electricity, immersion in extremely hot water, etc. Leaves skin waxy, charred, and sensitive. Cover with a light sheet or blanket and graft skin.

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15
Q

What is a fourth degree burn and how should you treat it?

A

A burn that damages nerve endings, so there is no feeling left. Charred, muscles and tendons by be visible. Raise burned part higher than heart, cover with light sheet, graft skin.

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16
Q

What is are some common heat related illnesses?

A

Heat exhaustion
Heat cramps
Heat stroke

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17
Q

What is heat exhaustion?

A

A condition caused by too much water loss through sweating. Symptoms are a loss of appetite and moist, clammy, and pale skin. Have the person stop exercising, go inside (cool area), loosen clothing, and drink some water or sports drink (rich in electrolytes).

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18
Q

What are heat cramps?

A

Painful muscle spasms that occur during heavy exercise in hot environments

19
Q

What is a heat stroke?

A

An injury that happens when the body cannot control its temperature. A symptom is high body temperature. Take the person to the hospital immediately. Do not offer or force fluids by mouth for victims with heat stroke. Loosen clothes, remove heat source, and cool the body with wet clothes until help arrives or you reach help.

20
Q

What factors increase the risk for heat-related illnesses?

A 
High humidety
Sunburn
Fever
Respiratory illness
Poor circulation
Alcohol
Dehydratin
Heart disease
Mental illness
Obesity
Drugs or meds
Age
21
Q

What is hypothermia? How do you provide fist aid for it?

A

Body loses heat faster than it can produce it.

Victims should be kept warm (remove wet clothes and wrap the victim in dry blankets). Call the EMS (911).

22
Q

What are the symptoms of hypothermia?

A 
Symptoms include:
Body temp below 90 degrees F
Not shivering
Apathy
Decreased level of consciousness
Decreased vital signs
Decreased muscle function
23
Q

What is frostbite? How do you provide first aid for it?

A

Damage to the skin, expecially in fingers, toes, ears, nose, etc. due to extreme cold temperatures. Call EMS (911) and place affected area in lukewarm water.

24
Q

What are the symptoms of frostbite?

A 
Cold skin with prickling feeling
skin feeling numb
Skin appearing red, white, bluish white, or greyish-yellow
Feels hard or waxy skin
Joints and muscles stiffen
May form blisters when rewarmed.
25
Q

What is rescue breathing?

A

Emergency technique in which a rescuer gives air to someone who is not breating

26
Q

What are the steps to rescue breathing?

A
  1. Tilt head, lift chin, pinch nose
  2. Take a breath, make a seal, give 2 rescue breaths. 1 rescue breath over a second, every 5-6 seconds.
  3. Give rescue breaths for 2 minutes, check pulse for no more than 10 seconds, if no pulse, use AED or CPR
27
Q

What does AED stand for and what does it do?

A

Automated External Defibrillator

It shocks the heart to restart it.

28
Q

What are the steps to using an AED?

A
  1. Turn on AED and follow prompts
  2. Remove any clothing and medical patches covering the chest
  3. Attach pads and plug connector cable
  4. Make sure no one is touching the person
  5. Push the analyze button if necessary
  6. Push the shock button
  7. Begin CPR
29
Q

What does CPR stand for and what is it?

A

Cardio pulmonary Resuscitation

A technique used to save a victim who isn’t breathing and doesn’t have a heartbeat.

30
Q

How do you give hands-only CPR?

A

Adults and teens - Put the heel of one hand over the person’s sternum, and the other hand over that hand. Push hard and quick, about 100-120 bpm. STAYIN ALIVE
Infants

31
Q

How do you give CPR for children and infants?

A

Children (under 12 yrs) - Keep open airway with one hand and do chest compressions with the other hand. 30 compressions than 2 rescue breaths over 2 minutes.

Infants (under 1 year) - Use only 2 fingers to give compressions, just below the nipple line. 30 compressions than 2 rescue breaths per 2 minutes.

32
Q

What are the steps to helping a choking victim?

A
  1. Get consent
  2. 5 backblows, victim bent at waist, between the shoulderblades
  3. 5 upward abdominal thrusts fist with thumb side against the ;middle of victim’s abdomen.
  4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until object is forced out, person can breathe, or is unconscious (begin rescue breaths if still not breathing after unconscious)
33
Q

What is shock?

A

The body’s response to reduce blood flow

34
Q

What is psychological shock?

A

Occurs after a physically or emotionally traumatic experience and affects the state of your mind

35
Q

What is physiological shock?

A

Occurs after a physically traumatic experience. Dramatic reduction in blood flow that can lend to collapse, coma, and even death if untreated.

36
Q

What are the symptoms of shock?

A 
Fast, weak pulse
Low blood pressure
Feeling fait, weak, or nauseous
Dizziness
Cold, clammy skin
Rapid, shallow breathing
Blue lips
37
Q

What are some possible causes of psychological shock?

A

Hearing bad news
Being involved in a traumatic event
Being the victim of a crime

38
Q

What is the treatment for psychological shock?

A 
Talking to and spending time with friends and family
Doing fun things with family and friends
Eating well
Getting enough sleep
Exercise
Regular schedule and routine
Listening to music
Being outside
Keep a journal
Extra time to do homework
Being willing to ask for support
39
Q

What is PTSD and what does it stand for?

A

Post Traumatic Stress DIsorder

Intrusion - event is constantly replayed in mind
Avoidance - Feels numb, retreats, may use drugs
Increased arousal - angry and irritable behavior

40
Q

What are possible causes for physiological shock?

A 
Severe bleeding
Pulmonary embolism (blood clot in lungs)
Severe vomiting and diarrhea
Spinal injury
Poisoning
41
Q

What is cardiogenic shock?

A

Heart is severely damaged

42
Q

What is septic shock?

A

Caused by bacterial infection (such as TSS)

43
Q

What is Anaphylatic shock?

A

caused by a severe allergic reaction

44
Q

What are the types of shock?

A

Cardiogenic
Septic
Anaphyletic

Health (8 decks)

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