Unit 7: First Aid and CPR Flashcards
What is first aid?
The emergency care and treatment of an injured or ill person before they can get complete medical treatment.
What are the steps to first aid?
Check the scene
Call for help or 911
Care for the victim
Tips for first aid?
Remain on the phone until care arrives, unless otherwise instructed.
Know where the first aid kit is kept and be familiar
Know how to activate emergency response systems
Be familiar with any policies in the workplace or school regarding emergencies.
Wash your hands if possible
Use personal protective gear if possible
What is an accident?
An unexpected event that causes injury
How can you reduce chance of accidents?
Think before you act know your limits practice refusal skills use safety equipment change risky behavior change risky situation
What are the types of external bleeding?
Arterial - spurting
Venous - flowing
Capillary - oozing
What are some types of injuries caused by accidents?
External bleeding
Severe muscle and bone injuries
Minor sprains and strains
Concussions
What does SEEP do?
Treat bleeding, stands for: SIT or lay patient down EXAMINE wound for foreign objects ELEVATE wound above level of heart apply PRESSURE (direct or indirect)
What is a fracture?
A broken or cracked bone
What is dislocation?
Bone has been forced out of its normal position in a joint
What does RICE do?
Treat minor sprains and strains. Stands for:
REST and avoid using the muscle for 24 hours
ICE the injury
COMPRESSION/ light pressure to reduce swelling
ELEVATION above heart level
What is a 1st degree burn and how should you treat it?
Least serious burn that only injures the epidermis. Caused by brief contact with moist or dry heat, sunburns, or exposure to chemicals. Looks red and is sensitive to touch. Treat by soaking burn in cool water and putting on aloe vera gel.
What is a second degree burn and how to treat it?
A burn that damages the epidermis and part of the dermis. Caused by contact with flames, hot liquids, or chemicals. Redniss, sensitivity, formation of blisters.
Immerse in cool water and apply a cool compress, don’t apply ice, butter, or break blisters.
What is a third degree burn and how can you treat it?
A burn that destroys the epidermis, dermis, and some of the underlying connective tissue. Caused by corrosive chemicals, flames, electricity, immersion in extremely hot water, etc. Leaves skin waxy, charred, and sensitive. Cover with a light sheet or blanket and graft skin.
What is a fourth degree burn and how should you treat it?
A burn that damages nerve endings, so there is no feeling left. Charred, muscles and tendons by be visible. Raise burned part higher than heart, cover with light sheet, graft skin.
What is are some common heat related illnesses?
Heat exhaustion
Heat cramps
Heat stroke
What is heat exhaustion?
A condition caused by too much water loss through sweating. Symptoms are a loss of appetite and moist, clammy, and pale skin. Have the person stop exercising, go inside (cool area), loosen clothing, and drink some water or sports drink (rich in electrolytes).
What are heat cramps?
Painful muscle spasms that occur during heavy exercise in hot environments
What is a heat stroke?
An injury that happens when the body cannot control its temperature. A symptom is high body temperature. Take the person to the hospital immediately. Do not offer or force fluids by mouth for victims with heat stroke. Loosen clothes, remove heat source, and cool the body with wet clothes until help arrives or you reach help.
What factors increase the risk for heat-related illnesses?
High humidety Sunburn Fever Respiratory illness Poor circulation Alcohol Dehydratin Heart disease Mental illness Obesity Drugs or meds Age
What is hypothermia? How do you provide fist aid for it?
Body loses heat faster than it can produce it.
Victims should be kept warm (remove wet clothes and wrap the victim in dry blankets). Call the EMS (911).
What are the symptoms of hypothermia?
Symptoms include: Body temp below 90 degrees F Not shivering Apathy Decreased level of consciousness Decreased vital signs Decreased muscle function
What is frostbite? How do you provide first aid for it?
Damage to the skin, expecially in fingers, toes, ears, nose, etc. due to extreme cold temperatures. Call EMS (911) and place affected area in lukewarm water.
What are the symptoms of frostbite?
Cold skin with prickling feeling skin feeling numb Skin appearing red, white, bluish white, or greyish-yellow Feels hard or waxy skin Joints and muscles stiffen May form blisters when rewarmed.
