Unit 8: Clinical Psychology Flashcards
Psychological Disorder
A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior.
DSM 5
The American Psychiatric Association’s diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a wiedly used system for classifying psychological disorders
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
Medical model
the concept that disease, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most castes, cured, often through treatment in a hospital
biopsychosocial approach
Today’s psychology studies how biological psychological, and social-cultural factors interact to produce specific psychological disorders
Anxiety disorders
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
Generalized anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
Panic disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest bain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Often followed by worry over a possible next attack
Phobias
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or stituation
Agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic
Social Anxiety Disorder
intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four week or more after a traumatic experience
Mood disorders
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptomes, at least one of which must either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure
Mania
a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
Bipolar Disorder
a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
Schizophrenia
a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression
Psychosis
a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions
Delusions
false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorder
Hallucinations
false sensory experience, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
Somatic Symptom Disorder
a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause
Conversion Disorder
a disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found
Illness Anxiety Disorder
a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
Dissociative Disorders
disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.
Personality Disorders
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
Antisocial Personality Disorder
a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscious for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
Anorexia Nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), excessive exercise, or fasting
Binge Eating Disorder
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa
