Test 3: Hearing Flashcards
Audition
The sense or act of hearing
Sound Location
the ability to identify the location of a sound source in a sound field
Pitch
a tone’s experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency
Frequency
the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
Pinna
the visible portion of the outer ear. It collects sound waves and channels them into the ear canal where the sound is amplified
eardrum
tight membrane that vibrates when struck by sound waves
cochlea
coild body, fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
auditory nerve
nerve which sends the auditory message to the brain via the thalamus
basilar membrane
when vibrating in responder to sound, the hair cells lining the cochlea produce an electrical signal
cochlear implant
a device for converting sounds into electrical signal and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
sensorineural hearing loss
hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerves
conduction hearing loss
hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea
place theory
the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated
frequency theory
the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory never matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch
Gate-control theory
the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological “gate” that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The “gate” is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in large fibers or by information coming from the brain.
vestibular sense
The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance
kinesthesia
the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.
sensory interaction
the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste
embodied cognition
in psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments.
Pupil
adjustable opening that controls the amount of light to pass through
iris
a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls size of the pupil opening
lens
focuses incoming light rays into an image on the retina
retina
tissue on the eyeball’s sensitive inner surface, contains receptor rods and cones
fovea
central focal points in the retina around which the eye’s cones cluster
rods
retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight visions, when cones don’t respond